Key Terms

Question 1

Kernicterus

Answer 1

Bilirubin crosses the blood-brain barrier

Question 2

Hydrocephalus

Answer 2

brian swelling resulting from a blockage in CSF circulation

Question 3

papilledema

Answer 3

results from increased intracranial pressure and potentially a hernia –> tissue displacement and pressure places pressure on the optic nerve and impairs vision

Question 4

Cushing’s reflex

Answer 4

increased BP followed by decreased HR (from baroreceptors) followed by decreased respiratory rate

this is the reflex that occurs from cranial ischemia and is likely what causes increased ICP over time

Question 5

supratentorium and infratenotrium

Answer 5

refers to brain lesions
supratentorium –> above the brainstem, causes area specific damage
infratentorium –> below brain stem, causes widespread damage

Question 6

Dysarthria

Answer 6

expressive disorder due to damage to motor neurons needed for speech

Question 7

Agnosia

Answer 7

loss of recognition

Question 8

Expanding penumbra

Answer 8

sequala of a stroke. the ischemic area expands but subsides later on.

Question 9

contrecoup

Answer 9

a contusion in which the brain hits a surface and rebounds to the opposite side creating bruising and small vessel rupture.

Question 10

otorrhea
otorrhagia
rhinorrhea

Answer 10

otorrhea –> ear discharge
otorrhagia –> ear bleeding
rhinorrhea –> nasal congestion

these are all symptoms of brain injuries

Question 11

autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 11

occurs upon thoracic SC injury. leads to severe SNS activation, vasoC, and increased BP. baroreceptors sense this and cause bradycardia.