Key Terms Flashcards
Deception
Withholding or lying to participants
Informed consent
Participants of research being told what’s happening and them saying yes
Right to withdraw
Being able to leave when the participants wants
Protection from harm
Ensuring the participants safety, no physical, emotional or mental harm
Confidentiality
Being able to tell people in private and knowing it will be kept a secret
Debriefing
A way of dealing with deception. Tell the participants the true nature of the study and ask whether they want to withdraw. Normally done after the study
Presumptive consent
Asking a different group for their opinion/consent on a research. Not the people doing the experiment
Aim
Idea or main focus of your study
Hypothesis
A prediction
Independent variable
Thing you change
Dependant variable
Thing you measure
Directional hypothesis
One will do better than the other
Non directional hypothesis
One will do differently than the other
Privacy
Beef private and knowing you’re not being tested randomly
Operationalised
When your id and dv are specific enough to test and measure
Closed questions
Questions that have specific answers, yes or no, or participants chose answers from ones provided
Interview
A research method or technique that involves a face-to-face real time interaction with an individual
Open question
Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one of those provided
Questionnaire
Data are collected through the use of written questions
Structured interview
Any interview in which the questions are decided in advance
Unstructured interview
The interviewer starts out with some general aims and possibly some questions and lets the interviewees answer guide subsequent questions
Lab experiment
An experiment conducted in a special environment where variables can be carefully controlled. Participants are aware they are in an experiment
Field experiment
Experiment conducted in a more natural environment and the iv is deliberately manipulated, participants not aware that they are taking part
Natural experiment
Experiment where the environment is natural but the change is also natural- not manual change
Independent groups
Participants are allocated two or more groups representing different experimental condition
Repeated measure
Each participant takes part in every condition under test
Matched pairs
Pairs of participants are matched in terms of key variables. One member of each pair is placed in the experimental group and the other in the control group
Content analysis
A systematic research technique analysing texts of various types
Mean
Adding all the numbers up and dividing by how many numbers their are
Median
Middle value in the ordered list
Mode
Most common
Nominal
The data are in separate categories
Ordinal
Data are ordered in the same way- the difference between each answer is not the same
Interval p
Data are measures using units of equal intervals
Range
Difference between the highest and he lowest
Standard deviation
The spread of the data around the mean
Internal validity
The degree to which the independent variable causes the changes seen in the dependent variable
Predictive validity
Helps predict future behaviour
Face validity
Whether the gets appeared to measure what it claimed to of
Concurrent validity
The degree to which a test corresponds to an external criterion that is know concurrently
Construct validity
Refers to the ability of a measurement tool to actually measure the psychological concept being studied
Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure
External validity
Refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalised
Ecological validity
Test measures behaviour which it true to real life
Historical validity
Refers to the time results were obtained in history
Population validity
How well the sample can be used to represent the population as a whole
Correlation
Relationship between two variables
Extraneous variables
Variables that influence the relationship between variables
Demand characteristics
Where the participants form an interpretation of the experiments purpose and unconsciously change their behaviour
Opportunity sample
Ask people who you first see e.g. People who pass you by in the streets
Volunteer sample
Advertise in a newspaper or notice board
Random sample
Using random selection to chose participants e.g drawing numbers
Reliability
A measure of how consistent an experiment is as we can replicate it and get the same results
Inter rate reliability
Comparing your results with a penal of psychologists and them getting virtually the same results
