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Psychology Research Methods > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

Deception

A

Withholding or lying to participants

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1
Q

Informed consent

A

Participants of research being told what’s happening and them saying yes

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2
Q

Right to withdraw

A

Being able to leave when the participants wants

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3
Q

Protection from harm

A

Ensuring the participants safety, no physical, emotional or mental harm

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4
Q

Confidentiality

A

Being able to tell people in private and knowing it will be kept a secret

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5
Q

Debriefing

A

A way of dealing with deception. Tell the participants the true nature of the study and ask whether they want to withdraw. Normally done after the study

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6
Q

Presumptive consent

A

Asking a different group for their opinion/consent on a research. Not the people doing the experiment

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7
Q

Aim

A

Idea or main focus of your study

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8
Q

Hypothesis

A

A prediction

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9
Q

Independent variable

A

Thing you change

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10
Q

Dependant variable

A

Thing you measure

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11
Q

Directional hypothesis

A

One will do better than the other

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12
Q

Non directional hypothesis

A

One will do differently than the other

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13
Q

Privacy

A

Beef private and knowing you’re not being tested randomly

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14
Q

Operationalised

A

When your id and dv are specific enough to test and measure

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15
Q

Closed questions

A

Questions that have specific answers, yes or no, or participants chose answers from ones provided

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16
Q

Interview

A

A research method or technique that involves a face-to-face real time interaction with an individual

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17
Q

Open question

A

Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one of those provided

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18
Q

Questionnaire

A

Data are collected through the use of written questions

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19
Q

Structured interview

A

Any interview in which the questions are decided in advance

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20
Q

Unstructured interview

A

The interviewer starts out with some general aims and possibly some questions and lets the interviewees answer guide subsequent questions

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21
Q

Lab experiment

A

An experiment conducted in a special environment where variables can be carefully controlled. Participants are aware they are in an experiment

22
Q

Field experiment

A

Experiment conducted in a more natural environment and the iv is deliberately manipulated, participants not aware that they are taking part

23
Q

Natural experiment

A

Experiment where the environment is natural but the change is also natural- not manual change

24
Q

Independent groups

A

Participants are allocated two or more groups representing different experimental condition

25
Q

Repeated measure

A

Each participant takes part in every condition under test

26
Q

Matched pairs

A

Pairs of participants are matched in terms of key variables. One member of each pair is placed in the experimental group and the other in the control group

27
Q

Content analysis

A

A systematic research technique analysing texts of various types

28
Q

Mean

A

Adding all the numbers up and dividing by how many numbers their are

29
Q

Median

A

Middle value in the ordered list

30
Q

Mode

A

Most common

31
Q

Nominal

A

The data are in separate categories

32
Q

Ordinal

A

Data are ordered in the same way- the difference between each answer is not the same

33
Q

Interval p

A

Data are measures using units of equal intervals

34
Q

Range

A

Difference between the highest and he lowest

35
Q

Standard deviation

A

The spread of the data around the mean

36
Q

Internal validity

A

The degree to which the independent variable causes the changes seen in the dependent variable

37
Q

Predictive validity

A

Helps predict future behaviour

38
Q

Face validity

A

Whether the gets appeared to measure what it claimed to of

39
Q

Concurrent validity

A

The degree to which a test corresponds to an external criterion that is know concurrently

40
Q

Construct validity

A

Refers to the ability of a measurement tool to actually measure the psychological concept being studied

41
Q

Validity

A

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure

42
Q

External validity

A

Refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalised

43
Q

Ecological validity

A

Test measures behaviour which it true to real life

44
Q

Historical validity

A

Refers to the time results were obtained in history

45
Q

Population validity

A

How well the sample can be used to represent the population as a whole

46
Q

Correlation

A

Relationship between two variables

47
Q

Extraneous variables

A

Variables that influence the relationship between variables

48
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Where the participants form an interpretation of the experiments purpose and unconsciously change their behaviour

49
Q

Opportunity sample

A

Ask people who you first see e.g. People who pass you by in the streets

50
Q

Volunteer sample

A

Advertise in a newspaper or notice board

51
Q

Random sample

A

Using random selection to chose participants e.g drawing numbers

52
Q

Reliability

A

A measure of how consistent an experiment is as we can replicate it and get the same results

53
Q

Inter rate reliability

A

Comparing your results with a penal of psychologists and them getting virtually the same results

Psychology Research Methods (11 decks)

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