Key Terms 21-40: CALLED TO BE GOD'S PEOPLE, An Introduction to the Old Testament (Andrew E. Steinmann)

Question 1

Diaspora

Answer 1

a spreading of an ethnic group among nations that were not their original homeland.

Question 2

Dead Sea

Answer 2

body of salt water at the southern end of the Rift Valley in Palestine, fed by the Jordan River.

Question 3

Deuterocanonical

Answer 3

adjective meaning “second canon” used to describe books considered part of the Old Testament canon by Roman Catholics but considered part of the Apocrypha by Protestants.

Question 4

Documentary Hypothesis

Answer 4

Historical-Critical theory about the production of the Pentateuch from four sources labeled J, E, P and D.

Question 5

Edom

Answer 5

an ancient people descended from Abraham’s son Esau. They inhabited the Transjordan Plateau south and southeast of the Dead Sea. Also the region inhabited by these people or another name for Esau.

Question 6

Egypt

Answer 6

county in the extreme northeast corner of Africa. In ancient times Egypt was mainly a narrow strip of land on both sides of the Nile River.

Question 7

Envelope Structure

Answer 7

a literary device that begins and ends a composition or section of a work with the same or similar words, phrases or themes. Also called inclusio.

Question 8

Eschatological

Answer 8

relating to the “last things.” On an individual level, this includes death, judgment, and heaven or hell. On the broader level, it refers to all creation and includes the teachings of the last days of the earth, the second coming of Christ, judgment, heaven, and hell.

Question 9

Essenes

Answer 9

a very small ancient Jewish sect that arose in the two centuries before Christ. They refused to sacrifice at the Temple in Jerusalem, since they considered the Jewish priesthood and its rites to be corrupt in their day. They were very careful to keep the ceremonial laws of Moses in order to avoid the corruption they saw among the priests. Essenes were mainly adult males, and their beliefs encouraged celibacy.

Question 10

External Parallelism

Answer 10

parallelism in Hebrew poetry between two or more groups of adjacent lines.

Question 11

First Isaiah

Answer 11

supposed source for much of Isaiah 1-39 according to critical scholars. Often assumed to the the historical Isaiah of the eighth century BC.

Question 12

First Use of the Law

Answer 12

in this use the Law restrains some sin by threatening punishment on those who violate its commands. This function is also known as a “curb.”

Question 13

Focusing

Answer 13

in Hebrew poetry a narrowing of the meaning of a word or phrase by use of similar but more specific word or phrase in subsequent lines.

Question 14

Formal Equivalent Translation

Answer 14

a translation technique and philosophy that seeks to preserve as much of the form (word order, sentence length, parts of speech, and so forth) of the source language in the target language. This technique is often inaccurately called literal translation.

Question 15

Formal Principle

Answer 15

the ultimate source of information in a belief system or philosophy. In Lutheran theology, Scripture alone is the formal principle.

Question 16

Functional Equivalent Translation

Answer 16

a translation technique and philosophy that seeks to find words in the target language that function to convey meaning in a similar manner as the words in the source language convey meaning, even if the form of the source text is not preserved. This theory is sometimes called dynamic equivalent or in accurately characterized as paraphrase.

Question 17

Galilee

Answer 17

a region in the northern central hills of Palestine west and northwest of the Sea of Galilee.

Question 18

Gilead

Answer 18

a region in the Transjordan Plateau south of the Yarmuk River and north of the Dead Sea, bisected by the Jabbok River.

Question 19

Glean

Answer 19

the act of gathering any stalks of grain that harvesters have dropped or left behind in the fields. Israelites were commanded to allow poor people in the land to glean in their fields (Lev 19:9; 23:22).

Question 20

Gospel

Answer 20

in the, wide sense, refers to the first four books of the New Testament. In its proper sense, Gospel refers to the doctrine that humanity has been saved from sin and death by the work of Christ alone and that this benefit is given solely by his grace, apart from human works.