Key Terms Flashcards
Health
Complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merelt the absence of disease and infirmity
Fitness
the ability to meet the demands of the enviroment
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricals during each contraction Cardiac
output
the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles per minute (HR x Stroke volume)
sympathetic nervous system
part of the ANS and can activate an increase in HR
Parasympathetic Nervous System
part of the ANS and can activate a decrease in HR
Vascular Shunting
The redistribution of blood flow around the body
Myogenic
the hearts ability to create its own contraction
Chemoreceptors
responsible for detecting a change in CO2/Lactic acid/Blood acidity
Barorceptors
responsible for detecting a change in blood pressure
Proprioceptors
responsible for detecting a change in muscle movement
plasma
the liquid part of blood
myoglobin
an oxygen bindiing protein found in muscle tissue
haemoglobin
an oxygen binding protein found in red blood cells
oxyhaemoglobin
found when oxygen combines with haemoglobin
mitochondria
the part of the cell where respiration and energy production occur
disassociation curve
a graphical representation of the rate at which oxygen separates from haemoglobin and difusses into the muscle cells
bohr shift
the shift to the right that the disassociation curve makes during excercise
venous return
the flow of the blood back to the heart via the veins and spersifically the vena cava
starlings law
stroke volume increases due to an increase in venous return
cardiovascular drift
the increase of HR during when taking part in steady state excercise in a warm enviroment
Arterio-venous oxygen difference
the difference between the pressure of the oxygen in the arteries and veins
what are 3 sports wich require good cadiovascular fitness
- cycling
- long distance running
- rowing
what is maximal intensity
when excersing at maximal levels, things start to change for stroke volume, a performers volume will only continue to ruse up to 60% of maximal effort- plateau in stroke volume
what is the equation for cardiac output
CO= HR x SV
what is hormonal
relating to contaning hormones
what is neural
relating to nervous system
what is chemical
relating to repsonses where chemicals are released in the body
what is the anticipatory rise
the increase in heart rate that occurs just before taking part in exercise, caused by an increase in activity from the sympathetic nervous system
what is adrenaline
a hormone which leads to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and awarness
what is vasodilation
blood vessles dilate (get bigger) which allows more blood for the active muscles
what is vasoconstriction
blood vessels constrict (get smaller) takes blood away from inactive areas and the organs
how is vasodilation used by the body during exercise
- occurs in artieries delivering oxygenated blood to preformers leg
- allows more oxygen to be delivered to active muscles allowing more aeoribic respiration to take place to produce more energy
how is vasocontrictoon used by the body during exericse
- arteries deliver blood to areas such as digestive system and liver are consitricted
- this delivers a larger preportion of the performers blood supply to muscles
what is the process of vascular shunting
- increase in Co2 and lactic acid detected by the chemorecpetors
- the chemorecpetors stimulate the vasomotor
- the vasomotor signals for a redistribution of blood flow
- vasodilation and vasocontriction occur and the pre-capillary sphincters adjust blood flow into the capillaries
