Key Studies-psychopathology Flashcards
What evidence is there too support the role of classical conditioning?
Watson and Rayner 1920-Little Albert
What was Watsons and Rayners experiemnt?
Aimed to investigate whether fear could be acquired through classical conditioning
Presented a 11month boy with a rat and he was not scared initially until Albert associated the rat with a loud noise
What evidence is their to suggest that humans and other animas may be biologically prepared to fear dangerous objects?
Cook and Mineka 1989-conducted a series of studies with rhesus monkeys to test whether monkey may be biologically prepared to learn to be afraid of snakes
What method did Cook and MIneka use?
Showed the monkeys a picture of a snake paired with a video of their mum being scared if it & this was repeated with a toy rabbit
They quickly learned to be fearful of the snakes & not rabbits
What evidence is their for the effectiveness of systematic desensitisation?
Gilory 2000-45 patients with phobias were tested on on one three treatments
- computer aided vicarious exposure
- therapist-delivered live exposure
- relaxation placebo
What were the results of Gilroys study?
Computer aided vicarious exposure was the most effective
What evidence is there for the effectiveness of flooding?
Barlow - found if a patient is wing to under flooding then it is often just as effective as systematic desensitisation
What evidence is there for memory biases?
Clark and Teasdale 1985 - tested depressed patients for their memories f events that had happened in their lives
They found that those patients whose depressed moods worse in they morning had more negative memories in the morning & vice versa
What evidence is their that negative thinking increases vulnerability to depression & investigates the cognitive model of depression?
Lewinsohn 2001
- Measured negative attitude in adolescents and none of them were depressed at the start of the study
- Found that those who had experienced a negative life event and had negative attaints at the start were most I kelt to be suffering from depression
Evidence for the effectiveness of CBT?
Appleby 1997-Compared the effectiveness of CBT with anti-depressant medication in women suffering post natal depression
-found that CBT was just as effective I’m reducing symptoms of depressing as medication and both were more effecting than the placebo
What is the evidence from twin studies with OCD?
Nestadt 2010 -Found that the concordance rate for identical twins for OCD was 68% whereas non identical was 31%
-OCD rip therefor must have a genetic explanation
What evidence is there for combining SSRIs with another medication?
Koran Et al 2000-aimed to asses whether adding plans alien to treatment with SSRI,fluoxetine wild be more effective at reducing OCD symptoms
What was Koran et als method and results?
10 patients with OCD continued to take fluoxetine but also began taking olanzapine
- overall reduction was found
- Patients were found to put on weight so it shoukdnt be used at a treatment
