Key interpretations china

Question 1

LM

Answer 1

-Although it was a tactile defeat, it had very benefical psychological + organisational benefits- Dietrich
-Experiences ‘would reinforce may of the ideals that would become fundamental to Chinese communism’- Ryan
-The biggest armed propaganda tour in history- Snow

Question 2

Cult of Mao

Answer 2

-M’s Good swim (‘66)- ‘Showed he was as healthy as ever and ready to lead China through Revolutionary waters- Ryan

Question 3

Red Guard

Answer 3

‘He may not like the results of what they have done, but he gave them the opportunity to do it- Lee
-Chaos + violence flowed unabated- Karl
-The seeds of hate that Mao had sown were ready for reaping… Mao simply used these children as his tools= Chang + Halliday
-‘Mao’s arse kickers’

Question 4

Cultural Rev motives

Question 5

Cultural rev outcomes

Answer 5

-With the cultural rev, Mao reinvigorated China- Lee Feigon
-Yet… within the cruelty and violence, the cultural Rev was also at time also an exhilirating, liberating and optimistic period

Question 6

Change + continuity for Russian workers + peas
-politics

Answer 6

-Overall- continuity- workers+ peas had few pol rights + freedoms + the democratic experimentations were all shortlived failures
-Ev- Pre- strikes illegal e.g. 1900 =522 violent strikes + Lena Goldfields saw 250k strikers + 500 gov violently suppress (april 12)
-During- Gained right to vote in Duma alt. limitted + Feb ‘17 onward = Soviets
-After- Men + SR’s banned ‘21, inc dem centralism
-Lost many rights under WC- e.g. labour armies + use of Cheka to suppress opposition e.g. March in Astrakhan in Ural Region = workers + (some RA) loaded on to barges + thrown into river w stones tied on them = 2-4k shot or drowned + 16/3/19 Putilov factory 200/900 arrested killed w/o trial

Question 7

Change + continuity for Russian workers + peas
-politics

Answer 7

-Overall- continuity- workers+ peas had few pol rights + freedoms + the democratic experimentations were all shortlived failures
-Ev- Pre- strikes illegal e.g. 1900 =522 violent strikes + Lena Goldfields saw 250k strikers + 500 gov violently suppress (april 12)
-During- Gained right to vote in Duma alt. limitted + Feb ‘17 onward = Soviets
-After- Men + SR’s banned ‘21, Decree on pol parties 28/11 + June-Aug 22 = Show trials of 34 SRs
-Lost many rights under WC- e.g. labour armies + use of Cheka to suppress opposition e.g. March 19 in Astrakhan in Ural Region = workers + (some RA) loaded on to barges + thrown into river w stones tied on them = 2-4k shot or drowned + 16/3/19 Putilov factory 200/900 arrested killed w/o trial

Question 8

Lead up to CR

Answer 8

-LRB/emulation camp- ‘A weapon of mass destruction’ -Cook
-Art/Jiang Qing- highlighted the ‘sheer scale of ideological rot’- Dikkotter
-M’s great swim- ‘he was in fine health + ready as ever to steer C through rev waters (Ryan) - reaffirming cult of personality

Question 9

GLF

Answer 9

-The aim was to make slave driving more effective- Chang + Halliday
-Mao’s treatment of no’s reinforced the unrealistic nature of the GLF-Terril
-‘Mao turned his band of brothers into a claque, clapping hands and nodding heads like mechanical dolls’. - Sailsbury

Question 10

3 yrs bad famine

Answer 10

‘a Mao-made catastrophe’- Fairbank

Question 11

SJ war

Answer 11

‘Chaos + negligience were noted often’ - Bianco
-Jiang’s unwillingness to confront J brought his govt into disrepute” (Ryan)
-CCP ‘was struggling more nationalist goals more vigeriously and competently then the GMD- Moises
-Nationalist china was doomed by the SJ war- Ryan
-every major area of the Nationalist military weakness was an area of Red Army strength’ (Bianco)

Question 12

CW

Answer 12

-Could be argued the nationalists had lost before the war had even begun- Ryan
-every major area of Nationalist military weakness was an area of RA strength’ - Bianco
-By 1938- Could not get the idea of an offensive into their head- General Stillwell

Question 13

Maoism

Answer 13

‘The peasants are the sea + we are the fish, the sea is our habitat- Mao

Question 14

New culture movement/ May 4th

Answer 14

‘This unity of workers, students and intellectuals indicated the beginning of a credible and important nationalist movement- Bianco
-An audience ready to receive, welcome, contest and adapt these ideas’. - Mitter

Question 15

Fulfillment of rev ideals after ‘49

Answer 15

-Initially- ‘Fulfilled an essential revolutationary ideal for peas’ - Ryan (Landreform)
-GLF- ‘A utopian social vision, not an economic policy’- Meisner + ‘There had been no great leap forward but a great fall backward’- Liu Shaoqi
-CR = “a case of allowing theory to grow out of practice, as Mao had always interpreted the revolutionary process to be- Spence

Question 16

Mass campaigns

Answer 16

-A carefully cultivated auschwitz of the mind-
-pact sealed in blood between the party and the peasantry- Dikotter
-Many capitalists turned red when the heat was turned on, silently, like lobsters placed in boiling water- Terril
-“The CCP held a monopoly on the truth” (Fenby)

Question 17

Women

Answer 17

Women had risen to second class citizens- Dietrich

Question 18

100 FC

Answer 18

‘Mao was determined that his Garden bloom’- Ryan
‘By May 1957 the fine rain of criticism had turned into a heavy down pour of resentment’- Ryan

Question 19

Nationalist decade

Answer 19

-Beneath the Nationalist government’s veneer of progress lay fundamental problems of social and economic injustices” (Hsu)
“The Chinese people groaned under a regime that was Fascist in every quality except efficiency” (Fitzgerald)
-Hyper-inflation during the CW undermined everyday lives and ruined the lives of tens of millions” (Fenby)