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Crusades > KEY INFO: 4th Crusade > Flashcards

KEY INFO: 4th Crusade Flashcards

1
Q

What was the cause of the Great Schism?

A

The Filioque Controversy

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2
Q

Why had previous crusades damaged relations with Byzantium?

A

They had caused riots, market shortages and had even attacked Byzantium

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3
Q

Why was the Treaty of Devol implemented?

A

Bohemond laid siege to Dyrrhachium in 1108, it made Antioch a vassal state, was resisted until 1158

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4
Q

What was the pinnacle of distrust? What event shows this?

A

The clash of civilisations, hatred of rich Venician merchants - massacre of the Venetians 1182

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5
Q

When did Innocent III proclaim the 4th crusade?

A

August 1198

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6
Q

When had Henry VI sent an advance army to the Holy Land?

A

1197

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7
Q

What had the army of Henry VI achieved?

A

The capture of Beirut, Sidon and other coastal towns, Henry had died at Messina

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8
Q

What was the business of the cross?

A

Serving two years in the East, Clergy tax of 1/40th of all income, indulgences to those who would finance someone else, officially approved preachers

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9
Q

When was the great torunament at Ecry?

A

November 1199

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10
Q

Who took the cross at Ecry? Why?

A

Louis of Blois and Thibaut of Champagne, didn’ want to fight for John - gave them an honourable excuse

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11
Q

Why did the lords choose to travel by sea?

A

Quicker, avoid crossing Byzantium - westerners also thought devious - failure to support 1st crusade at Antioch

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12
Q

Why did the lords choose to travel to Egypt?

A

Enormous wealth, centre of Muslim power, would have to be defeated to take Jerusalem

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13
Q

What date did Venice begin talks with the envoys?

A

March 1201

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14
Q

Name one of the lord’s envoys

A

Geoffrey of Villehardouin

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15
Q

What was the problem with the ships from Venice?

A

The lords could only bind their own followers to Venice, not all crusaders

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16
Q

How many men were Venice told to prepare for?

A

33,500 men with horses and supplies

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17
Q

What was the price of the ships from Venice?

A

85,000 silver marks and half of all property captured on crusade

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18
Q

What was the Venice deal like in comparison to Richard and Phillips?

A

3 times as much at 6 times the price

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19
Q

Why was the deal so expensive?

A

Venice would have to limit trading for a year to meet the demand

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20
Q

When did the Pope find out about the deal?

A

After the people of Venice had agreed, alarmed at lack of control

21
Q

When did Count Thibaut of Champagne die?

A

May 1201

22
Q

What affect did Thibaut’s death have on the crusade?

A

Less men - a key issue!

23
Q

Who was attracted by the title “Commander in Chief’?

A

Boniface of Montferrat

24
Q

How much did the crusaders pay initially? How much after reducing them to extreme poverty?

A

35,000 silver marks, then a further 14,000

25
Q

When did Enrico Dandolo propose a way out of the deadlock?

A

September 1202

26
Q

What was Dandolo’s proposition?

A

The crusaders would regain Zara

27
Q

Why did Dandolo want to crusade?

A

He would gain Alexandria, save his soul, gain economic reward, his father and grandfather had crusaded in 1122

28
Q

What was the result of Dandolo crusading?

A

Thousands of Venetians also took the cross

29
Q

What was the problem with attacking Zara?

A

It was a Christian city and the King of Hungary had taken a crusader vow

30
Q

What did Pope Innocent do before/after Zara?

A

He told his papal legate to ban the attack, then he excommunicated the whole crusade

31
Q

What was the name of the papal legate? What was his plan? How was he stopped?

A

Peter of Capua, to wait until just before the attack, the Doge banned him from sailing with the fleet

32
Q

When did the Venetian fleet leave?

A

October 1202

33
Q

The Zarans initially began to discuss surrender, why did they stop?

A

Simon of Montferrat promised them to alligience of the French

34
Q

Why did Simon of Montferrat promise alligience to the Zarans?

A

He believed the Doge had hijacked the crusade - some believe it was his plan to get the crusaders into debt from the beginning

35
Q

What did the crusade do in response to excommunication?

A

French repented and took an oath, the Venetians thought they had done nothing wrong

36
Q

When did Prince Alexius request help?

A

December 1202

37
Q

What did Alexius request help to do?

A

Restore his father Isaac II to the throne

38
Q

What price would Alexius pay the crusaders for help?

A

Unite christendom under the pope, 200,000 silver marks, 10,000 highly trained men and 500 knights to garrison the holy land

39
Q

Why was the Doge keen to accept Alexius’ proposition?

A

Long term trading priviliges

40
Q

When did Pope Innocent send a letter? What did the crusaders do?

A

June 1203 but the main fleet was just reaching Constantinople

41
Q

What happened as the ships drew closer to Constantinople?

A

The inhabitants ignored Alexius

42
Q

When did the crusade land at Constantinople? How were they able to?

A

3rd July 1203, a half hearted Byzantine defence

43
Q

When was Constantinople taken?

A

17th July 1203

44
Q

Why could Alexius not honour the promises he had made?

A

His father and church leaders disapproved of unity plans, had to melt down the treasures of the churches - angered his people

45
Q

When did Alexius stop paying the money he had promised?

A

November 1203

46
Q

When did a Byzantine nobleman take the throne as Alexius V? How?

A

January 1204

47
Q

Why did the crusaders decide to take Constantinople?

A

They had to spend winter outside before continuing and the new Emperor refused to feed them

48
Q

When did the crusaders begin their attack on Constantinople?

A

April 1204

49
Q

What followed the surrender of the city?

A

Three days of looting and destruction - religious treasures particularly prized

Crusades (9 decks)

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