KEY INFO: 1st Crusade Flashcards
Date: Pope Urban’s Calling
27th November 1095
Date: The end of the People’s crusade
21st October 1096
Date: When did the People’s Crusade set off?
April 1096
Date: When did the Prince’s Crusade set off?
August 1096
Date: The Siege of Nicaea
May-June 1097
Date: The Battle of Dorylaeum
1st July 1097
Date: The Diversion to Edessa
1097-8
Date: The Siege of Antioch
October 1097-June 1098
Date: Breakthrough at Antioch
2nd June 1098
Date: The Battle of Orontes
June 1098
Date: The Siege of Jerusalem
14th July 1099
Date: The Capture of Jerusalem
15th July 1099
How many crusaders headed east?
60000
How many people were in the People’s Crusade?
30000
How did the people’s crusade end?
Kilij Arslen slaughtered them at Kibotos
How did the people’s crusade help the prince’s crusade?
Arslen underestimated the crusaders the second time
Stephen of Blois wrote what to his wife after the Siege of Nicaea?
He would be in Jerusalem in five weeks
How many crusaders were in Bohemond’s vanguard?
20,000
How many franks/turks died at the Battle of Dorylaeum?
4,000 crusaders, 3,000 turks
What was the consequence of the Battle of Dorylaeum for the Muslim world?
They lost faith in Arslen’s protection
How did the crusaders survive the Battle of Dorylaeum?
Bohemond’s skill to hold out in defensive position until Godfrey and Raymond arrived with cavalry
Why did Baldwin divert to Edessa?
His wife died he lost all chance of being rich back home
When did Baldwin become leader of Edessa?
March 1098
How was Edessa useful to the crusade?
It was a wealthy city on the Eupharites that could supply the crusade with food and resources
When had Antioch been captured by the Turks?
1085
How did the crusaders stay in place for so long at Antioch?
The rival forces at Aleppo and Damascus refused to help due to the Muslim split
Bohemond did what to enable him to break his oath at Antioch?
Sent Tatikios back to Constantinople and then spread rumours of abandonment
Date: The Crusaders heard of Kerbogha’s army advancing on Antioch
May 1098
The name of the guardsman that betrayed the city
Firouze
When did Stephen of Blois desert the crusade?
2nd June 1098
Why was Stephen of Blois desertion not helpful?
He met Alexius and told him that the crusaders were doomed, Alexius turned around too.
The chant shouted at Antioch but also at Pope Urban’s Calling
Dios Lo Volt - God wills it
The number of crusaders left by the Battle of Orontes
25,000
The crusaders attacked due to religious fervour but Asbridge believes
Desperation too - shown by an Arabic Chronicler
How many crusaders went into combat against Kerbogha
15,000, 1000 cavalry
Three reasons for the success of Orontes
Kerbogha’s coalition, Bohemond’s leadership, Religious Fervour
At what point did the Princes feud?
After the capture of Antioch
Date: Death of Adhemar le Puy
1st August 1098
Why did Alexius refuse to lead the Crusade?
He feared a revolution in Constantinople
What was the split in the crusade by August 1089?
Raymond-Bohemond
Who eventually agreed to lead the Crusade to Jerusalem? With how many men?
Raymond of Toulouse, 7000 men
Who joined the march to Jerusalem after leadership was established?
Godfrey and Robert of Flanders, even Bohemond sent some troops
How many crusaders arrived at Jerusalem?
14000
What date did the crusaders arrive at Jerusalem?
7th June 1099
What was Godfrey’s masterstroke?
To dismantle and then rebuild a siege tower where the defence were weak
How did the rank and file force the issue of moving to Jerusalem?
Became desperate for food and supplies - cannibalism at Ma’rrat
