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Crusades > KEY INFO: 2nd Crusade > Flashcards

KEY INFO: 2nd Crusade Flashcards

1
Q

Zenghi had control over which two cities by 1128?

A

Mosul (27) and Aleppo (28)

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2
Q

Why did Zenghi attack Edessa?

A

Due to a pact with an Iraqi warlord

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3
Q

Edessa was subject to frequent attacks from which three groups?

A

Ortoqids, Danishmends and Seljuk Turks

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4
Q

Why was Joscelin II forced into an alliance with Byzantium?

A

Joscelin I had quarreled with Raymond of Antioch and Raymond II of Tripoli leaving no powerful allies

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5
Q

In what year did both Fulk and John II Comnenus die?

A

1143

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6
Q

What was John’s successor’s name and his priority in 1143?

A

Manuel I, consolidating power against his elder brother

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7
Q

Who was King Fulk succeeded by?

A

Queen Melisende and his 13 year old son Baldwin III

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8
Q

How many men did Zenghi besiege Edessa with?

A

30000

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9
Q

What date did Edessa fall?

A

26th December 1144

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10
Q

What date did Zenghi begin his attack on Edessa?

A

24th December 1144

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11
Q

What were the key themes of Quantum Praedecessores?

A

“Fathers and Sons” “Pope Urban II” “Threat to the Church” “Remission of Sins”

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12
Q

When was Quantum Praedecessores proclaimed?

A

1st December 1145

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13
Q

Why was Manuel I concerned about Conrad III?

A

He was fearful of German attack

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14
Q

Why was Manuel I concerned about Louis VII?

A

He was even more fearful of an alliance with Roger II of Siciliy

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15
Q

What did Manuel do to secure Byzantium against the crusaders?

A

Stationed troops on the walls, shut the gates and hurried them across the Bosporus

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16
Q

Conrad’s force averaged a distance of how far a day?

A

10 miles

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17
Q

Why did Conrad’s discipline begin to slip?

A

When food supplies ran low

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18
Q

On what date did the flash flood occur that damaged Conrad’s army?

A

7th September 1147

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19
Q

When did Conrad reach Constantinople?

A

10th September 1147

20
Q

Conrad followed the same route as the 1st crusade but sent who along a coastal route?

A

Otto of Freising and the non-combatent pilgrims

21
Q

When did Conrad’s forces leave Nicaea?

A

25th October 1147

22
Q

Why was Dorylaeum miserable?

A

It was infertile, inhabitable and very close to the Turkish border

23
Q

When did Conrad and his nobles decide to turn back?

A

Three days past Dorylaeum

24
Q

Where did Louis VII assemble his forces?

A

Metz

25
Q

What was the name of Louis’ chaplain?

A

Odo of Deuil

26
Q

When did Louis arrive at Constantinople?

A

4th October 1147

27
Q

What did some of the crusaders urge Louis to do?

A

To attack Byzantium with support from Roger II of Sicily

28
Q

After meeting up with the remains of Conrad’s army, where did the forces head?

A

Ephesus

29
Q

Why were food supplies an issue?

A

Manuel had not provided enough food in the markets

30
Q

Louis decided to leave the coast and travel through?

A

The Cadmus Mountains

31
Q

In the mountains, the crusaders stretched out over how many miles?

A

6 miles

32
Q

How did Louis escape the ambush at Cadmus?

A

By climbing up tree roots onto a root from where he bravely fended off the enemy

33
Q

What did Louis do after Cadmus? How did this affect the crusade?

A

Handed over control to the Templars, weakened the authority of the King but strengthened discipline

34
Q

When did the crusaders reach Adalia?

A

20th January 1148

35
Q

When did Louis reach Antioch?

A

March 1148

36
Q

When did Conrad’s injuries make him return to Constantinople?

A

At Ephesus

37
Q

Where did Conrad sail after his recovery?

A

Acre

38
Q

What had happened to Edessa by 1148?

A

It had been attacked again, it was empty and in ruin

39
Q

What did Raymond of Antioch hope the crusaders would do?

A

Help him attack Aleppo and Shaizar to secure Antioch

40
Q

What did the crusaders decide at the Council of Palmerea?

A

To attack Damascus instead

41
Q

Why has this recently been shown to be worthwhile?

A

Nur ad-Din and Unur’s daughter had been married, Muslim strength was increasing

42
Q

Describe the setting of Damascus

A

5 miles of orchards in every direction, mud walls and towers, paths only wide enough for pack animals

43
Q

When did the Siege on Damacus begin?

A

24th June 1148

44
Q

When did the Franks decide to changed sides?

A

27th July 1148 (Council of war)

45
Q

Why did the Franks decide to change sides?

A

Local Christains had told them that the defences were weaker on the east side

Crusades (9 decks)

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