KEY INFO: 2nd Crusade Flashcards
Zenghi had control over which two cities by 1128?
Mosul (27) and Aleppo (28)
Why did Zenghi attack Edessa?
Due to a pact with an Iraqi warlord
Edessa was subject to frequent attacks from which three groups?
Ortoqids, Danishmends and Seljuk Turks
Why was Joscelin II forced into an alliance with Byzantium?
Joscelin I had quarreled with Raymond of Antioch and Raymond II of Tripoli leaving no powerful allies
In what year did both Fulk and John II Comnenus die?
1143
What was John’s successor’s name and his priority in 1143?
Manuel I, consolidating power against his elder brother
Who was King Fulk succeeded by?
Queen Melisende and his 13 year old son Baldwin III
How many men did Zenghi besiege Edessa with?
30000
What date did Edessa fall?
26th December 1144
What date did Zenghi begin his attack on Edessa?
24th December 1144
What were the key themes of Quantum Praedecessores?
“Fathers and Sons” “Pope Urban II” “Threat to the Church” “Remission of Sins”
When was Quantum Praedecessores proclaimed?
1st December 1145
Why was Manuel I concerned about Conrad III?
He was fearful of German attack
Why was Manuel I concerned about Louis VII?
He was even more fearful of an alliance with Roger II of Siciliy
What did Manuel do to secure Byzantium against the crusaders?
Stationed troops on the walls, shut the gates and hurried them across the Bosporus
Conrad’s force averaged a distance of how far a day?
10 miles
Why did Conrad’s discipline begin to slip?
When food supplies ran low
On what date did the flash flood occur that damaged Conrad’s army?
7th September 1147
When did Conrad reach Constantinople?
10th September 1147
Conrad followed the same route as the 1st crusade but sent who along a coastal route?
Otto of Freising and the non-combatent pilgrims
When did Conrad’s forces leave Nicaea?
25th October 1147
Why was Dorylaeum miserable?
It was infertile, inhabitable and very close to the Turkish border
When did Conrad and his nobles decide to turn back?
Three days past Dorylaeum
Where did Louis VII assemble his forces?
Metz
What was the name of Louis’ chaplain?
Odo of Deuil
When did Louis arrive at Constantinople?
4th October 1147
What did some of the crusaders urge Louis to do?
To attack Byzantium with support from Roger II of Sicily
After meeting up with the remains of Conrad’s army, where did the forces head?
Ephesus
Why were food supplies an issue?
Manuel had not provided enough food in the markets
Louis decided to leave the coast and travel through?
The Cadmus Mountains
In the mountains, the crusaders stretched out over how many miles?
6 miles
How did Louis escape the ambush at Cadmus?
By climbing up tree roots onto a root from where he bravely fended off the enemy
What did Louis do after Cadmus? How did this affect the crusade?
Handed over control to the Templars, weakened the authority of the King but strengthened discipline
When did the crusaders reach Adalia?
20th January 1148
When did Louis reach Antioch?
March 1148
When did Conrad’s injuries make him return to Constantinople?
At Ephesus
Where did Conrad sail after his recovery?
Acre
What had happened to Edessa by 1148?
It had been attacked again, it was empty and in ruin
What did Raymond of Antioch hope the crusaders would do?
Help him attack Aleppo and Shaizar to secure Antioch
What did the crusaders decide at the Council of Palmerea?
To attack Damascus instead
Why has this recently been shown to be worthwhile?
Nur ad-Din and Unur’s daughter had been married, Muslim strength was increasing
Describe the setting of Damascus
5 miles of orchards in every direction, mud walls and towers, paths only wide enough for pack animals
When did the Siege on Damacus begin?
24th June 1148
When did the Franks decide to changed sides?
27th July 1148 (Council of war)
Why did the Franks decide to change sides?
Local Christains had told them that the defences were weaker on the east side
