KEY INFO: 2nd Crusade

Question 1

Zenghi had control over which two cities by 1128?

Answer 1

Mosul (27) and Aleppo (28)

Question 2

Why did Zenghi attack Edessa?

Answer 2

Due to a pact with an Iraqi warlord

Question 3

Edessa was subject to frequent attacks from which three groups?

Answer 3

Ortoqids, Danishmends and Seljuk Turks

Question 4

Why was Joscelin II forced into an alliance with Byzantium?

Answer 4

Joscelin I had quarreled with Raymond of Antioch and Raymond II of Tripoli leaving no powerful allies

Question 5

In what year did both Fulk and John II Comnenus die?

Answer 5

1143

Question 6

What was John’s successor’s name and his priority in 1143?

Answer 6

Manuel I, consolidating power against his elder brother

Question 7

Who was King Fulk succeeded by?

Answer 7

Queen Melisende and his 13 year old son Baldwin III

Question 8

How many men did Zenghi besiege Edessa with?

Answer 8

30000

Question 9

What date did Edessa fall?

Answer 9

26th December 1144

Question 10

What date did Zenghi begin his attack on Edessa?

Answer 10

24th December 1144

Question 11

What were the key themes of Quantum Praedecessores?

Answer 11

“Fathers and Sons” “Pope Urban II” “Threat to the Church” “Remission of Sins”

Question 12

When was Quantum Praedecessores proclaimed?

Answer 12

1st December 1145

Question 13

Why was Manuel I concerned about Conrad III?

Answer 13

He was fearful of German attack

Question 14

Why was Manuel I concerned about Louis VII?

Answer 14

He was even more fearful of an alliance with Roger II of Siciliy

Question 15

What did Manuel do to secure Byzantium against the crusaders?

Answer 15

Stationed troops on the walls, shut the gates and hurried them across the Bosporus

Question 16

Conrad’s force averaged a distance of how far a day?

Answer 16

10 miles

Question 17

Why did Conrad’s discipline begin to slip?

Answer 17

When food supplies ran low

Question 18

On what date did the flash flood occur that damaged Conrad’s army?

Answer 18

7th September 1147

Question 19

When did Conrad reach Constantinople?

Answer 19

10th September 1147

Question 20

Conrad followed the same route as the 1st crusade but sent who along a coastal route?

Answer 20

Otto of Freising and the non-combatent pilgrims

Question 21

When did Conrad’s forces leave Nicaea?

Answer 21

25th October 1147

Question 22

Why was Dorylaeum miserable?

Answer 22

It was infertile, inhabitable and very close to the Turkish border

Question 23

When did Conrad and his nobles decide to turn back?

Answer 23

Three days past Dorylaeum

Question 24

Where did Louis VII assemble his forces?

Answer 24

Metz

Question 25

What was the name of Louis' chaplain?

Answer 25

Odo of Deuil

Question 26

When did Louis arrive at Constantinople?

Answer 26

4th October 1147

Question 27

What did some of the crusaders urge Louis to do?

Answer 27

To attack Byzantium with support from Roger II of Sicily

Question 28

After meeting up with the remains of Conrad's army, where did the forces head?

Answer 28

Ephesus

Question 29

Why were food supplies an issue?

Answer 29

Manuel had not provided enough food in the markets

Question 30

Louis decided to leave the coast and travel through?

Answer 30

The Cadmus Mountains

Question 31

In the mountains, the crusaders stretched out over how many miles?

Answer 31

6 miles

Question 32

How did Louis escape the ambush at Cadmus?

Answer 32

By climbing up tree roots onto a root from where he bravely fended off the enemy

Question 33

What did Louis do after Cadmus? How did this affect the crusade?

Answer 33

Handed over control to the Templars, weakened the authority of the King but strengthened discipline

Question 34

When did the crusaders reach Adalia?

Answer 34

20th January 1148

Question 35

When did Louis reach Antioch?

Answer 35

March 1148

Question 36

When did Conrad's injuries make him return to Constantinople?

Answer 36

At Ephesus

Question 37

Where did Conrad sail after his recovery?

Answer 37

Acre

Question 38

What had happened to Edessa by 1148?

Answer 38

It had been attacked again, it was empty and in ruin

Question 39

What did Raymond of Antioch hope the crusaders would do?

Answer 39

Help him attack Aleppo and Shaizar to secure Antioch

Question 40

What did the crusaders decide at the Council of Palmerea?

Answer 40

To attack Damascus instead

Question 41

Why has this recently been shown to be worthwhile?

Answer 41

Nur ad-Din and Unur's daughter had been married, Muslim strength was increasing

Question 42

Describe the setting of Damascus

Answer 42

5 miles of orchards in every direction, mud walls and towers, paths only wide enough for pack animals

Question 43

When did the Siege on Damacus begin?

Answer 43

24th June 1148

Question 44

When did the Franks decide to changed sides?

Answer 44

27th July 1148 (Council of war)

Question 45

Why did the Franks decide to change sides?

Answer 45

Local Christains had told them that the defences were weaker on the east side