Key Highlights from Cardio Lecture

Question 1

Common valve issues come from which valve of the heart? and what is a s/s?

Answer 1

Most are mitral valve (left side of the heart) and the s/s is pulmonary edema

Question 2

Which cells and lab values are affected to indicate parasites are present?

Answer 2

Eosinophils
CBC lab value = 1 - 3%

Question 3

What are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 3

Hypertension
Smoking
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Diabetes
Elevated serum lipid level (cholesterol/ triglycerides)

Question 4

What are nonmodifiable risk factors?

Answer 4

Hereditary
Age
Gender

Question 5

Where can you hear the heart the best? (point of max impulse {PMI})

Answer 5

Aortic area
Pulmonic area
Erbs point
Tricuspid area
Mitral area
(All People Eat Three Meals)

Question 6

Where do you listen to hear the aortic area?

Answer 6

Aortic valve - inside the aorta as is arises from the left ventricle

Question 7

Where do you listen to hear the pulmonic area?

Answer 7

Pulmonic valve - inside the pulmonary artery as it arises from the right ventricle (2nd intercostal space)

Question 8

Where do you listen to hear erbs point?

Answer 8

3rd intercostal space

Question 9

Where do you listen to hear the tricuspid area?

Answer 9

Tricuspid valve - between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 10

Where do you listen to hear the mitral area or apical area?

Answer 10

Mitral valve - between the left atrium and ventricle

Question 11

What is JVD and how do you assess for it?

Answer 11

Jugular Venous Distension: Inspect the jugular veins for pulse and distension. Listen for a bruit and feel for a thrill.

Question 12

What does JVD tell you?

Answer 12

Right-sided heart failure and venous pressure

Question 13

How do you help a pt with JVD?

Answer 13

15 - 45 angle of the bed (semi-fowlers position)

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a client with dehydration. Which of the following signs is observed in a client with dehydration?

Answer 14

Decreased skin turgor over the sternum
Decreased BP
Low urine output
Increased respiratory rate

Question 15

What are the lab values for CK (creatine kinase)

Answer 15

Men = 50 - 170 units/L
Women = 25 - 140 units/L

Question 16

What are the normal lab values for cholesterol?

Answer 16

Less than 200 mg/dL

Question 17

Whare are the normal lab values for HDL-C (High density lipoprotein cholesterol)

Answer 17

Adults = 29 - 77 mg/dL

Question 18

What is the normal lab values for LDL (low density lipoprotein)?

Answer 18

Adults = 60 - 160 mg/dL

Question 19

What are the normal values for triglycerides?

Answer 19

12 - 29 years = 10 - 140 mg/dL
30 - 39 years = 20 - 150 mg/dL
40 - 49 years = 30 - 160 mg/dL
greater than 50 years = 40 - 190 mg/dL

Question 20

What are the normal lab values for myoglobin?

Answer 20

Male = 20 - 90 ng/ mL
Female = 12 - 75 ng/mL

Question 21

What are the normal troponin I and troponin T levels?

Answer 21

Troponin I = 0.1 - 0.5 ng/mL
Troponin T = less than 0.2 ng/mL

Question 22

What do platelets do?

Answer 22

Promote coagulation (blood clotting)

Question 23

What is the normal lab values for platelets?

Answer 23

150,000 - 400,000 uL

Question 24

What are the normal values for lymphocytes and what happens when there is an increase?

Answer 24

25 - 35 %
Viral infection
Chronic infection

Question 25

What are the three cardinal signs of cardiac arrest?

Answer 25

1. Apnea
2. Absence of carotid / femoral pulse
3. Dilated pupils

Question 26

What are the three markers for MI (myocaridal infarction)?

Answer 26

Creatine*
Myoglobin
Troponin I* and troponin II