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EPCC Nursing Foundations > Activity and Exercise (Musculoskeletal System) Lecture Key Highlights > Flashcards

Activity and Exercise (Musculoskeletal System) Lecture Key Highlights Flashcards

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1
Q

Flexion

A

Bending the elbow
(decreasing the angle of the joint)

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2
Q

Extension

A

Straightening the arm at the elbow
(Increasing the angle of the joint)

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3
Q

AbDUCTION

A

Movement of the bone away from the body (think exercise machine - open the legs)

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of bone toward the midline of the body (think exercise machine - close the legs)

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5
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of bone around a central axis

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6
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

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7
Q

Eversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint (think externally/ outward rotating ankle)

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8
Q

Inversion

A

Turning the sole of the food inward by moving the ankle joint
(think Internal ankle circles)

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9
Q

Pronation

A

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held Infront of the body
(Hands down- typing on keyboard)

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10
Q

Supination

A

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held Infront of the body
(hands facing up)

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11
Q

Which two joint movements involve the hands?

A

Pronation
Supination

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12
Q

Which two joint movements involve the foot?

A

Eversion
Inversion

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13
Q

When describing balance, input from the inner ear, vision and muscles are controlled by which cranial nerve?

A

8th cranial nerve

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14
Q

Coordinated movement involves cerebral functioning, list the three parts of the brain that are used

A

Cortex
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia

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15
Q

Describe what the cortex does when coordinating movement

A

Initiates voluntary motor activity

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16
Q

Describe what the cerebellum does when coordinating movement

A

Coordinates the motor activities of movement
(Pt will have clumsy, unsure, uncoordinated movement if this is injured)

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17
Q

Describe what the basal ganglia do when coordinating movement

A

Maintains posture

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18
Q

_____ motor develops before _____ motor

A

Gross before fine

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19
Q

Joint mobility: which is stronger?

A

Flexion is stronger than extension

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20
Q

During isotonic exercise, what is occurring?

A

Muscle contractions
Active movement
Active ROM
Running
Walking
Swimming
Cycling
Increased blood flow to whole body

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21
Q

During isometric exercise, what is occurring?

A

Muscle contractions WITHOUT moving the joint (muscle length does NOT change)
does NOT change HR
Example: If a pt is in a cast, they can tense (squeeze) their muscle and relax.

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22
Q

Describe the benefits of exercise

A

Increase mobility, stability, ROM
Reduces weakness
Reduces depression and anxiety

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23
Q

Some examples of weight bearing exercise are

A

Walking
Running

24
Q

Paresis

A

paralyzed

25
Q

Spastic

A

too much muscle tone

26
Q

Flaccid

A

no muscle tone at all

27
Q

What should physical therapy be focused on for pts who have little lower body strength?

A

Their upper body
The pt can help push and get side to side

28
Q

When assessing activity tolerance, what is also looked at other than muscle and bone?

A

HR (strength and rhythm)
RR (depth and rhythm)
BP

29
Q

Activity must be stopped of the pt has

A

facial paleness
changed LOC
dizzy or weakness
HR or RR exceeding baseline
SOB
chest pain
dyspnea

30
Q

Nursing interventions that pertain to exercise and activity are

A

activity therapy
cardiac care
rehab
constipation management
exercise promo

31
Q

The nurse should lift no more than _____lb

A

35

32
Q

Growth and development affect which 5 things?

A

Posture
Body proportions
Body mass
Body development
Reflexes

33
Q

Which two micronutrients effect nutrition?

A

Vitamin D
Calcium

34
Q

The benefits of exercise on the MS systems is

A

Size (Hypertrophy)
Shape
Tone
Strength

35
Q

Effects of immobility on the MS system are

A

Osteoporosis
Atrophy in muscle size
Contractures (foot drop, permanent shortening, external hip rotation)
Stiffness and pain (collagen become immobile)

36
Q

Describe the pathophysiology during the valsalva maneuver

A

Blood flow stops and returns to the heart when breathing again
Surge of blood enters the heart

37
Q

Regarding mobility and metabolism, what is considered a good nitrogen balance?

A

Positive nitrogen stores (helps with making muscle/ healing wounds)

38
Q

Adults do not get enough calcium, however, which food are high in calcium?

A

Milk/ dairy
Broccoli / Spinach (dark leafy greens)
Orange juice
Salmon w/ bones

39
Q

Bushing hair is an example of which type of rotation?

A

External

40
Q

Reaching behind your back (like parade rest) is an example of which type of rotation?

A

Internal (the shoulder comes in)

41
Q

Nodding yes is an example of which type of movement?

A

Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension

42
Q

Moving the head laterally from side to side (like shaking water out of your ears)

A

Lateral flexion

43
Q

Shaking the head no is an example of which type of movement?

A

Rotation

44
Q

Reaching with your arm to turn on an over head light, with your arm starting by your side is an example of which type of movement?

A

Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension

45
Q

Reaching to the nightstand on the same side of the bed as the arm is an example of which type of movement?

A

Abduction

46
Q

Reaching across the body toward the opposite side of the bed is an example of which type of movement?

A

Adduction

47
Q

Moving the arm forward, up, back, in down in a full circle is an example of which kind of movement?

A

Circumduction

48
Q

Which movements are used for eating, shaving, bathing?

A

Flexion
Extension

49
Q

Writing is an example of which type of movement?

A

Flexion

50
Q

Bending the wrist laterally toward the thumb side with the hand supinated is

A

Radial flexion (abduction)

51
Q

Ulnar flexion (adduction)

A

Bending the wrist laterally toward the pinky

52
Q

Name the movements where squeezing, gripping, and writing are used?

A

Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension

53
Q

Curling the toes downward

A

flexion and extension

54
Q

Bending back and touching the toes

A

flexion
extension
hyperextension

55
Q

Touch each thumb to the top of each finger of the same hand

A

opposition
abduction
rotation
flexion

EPCC Nursing Foundations (43 decks)

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