Activity And Exercise Chapter Notes (Book Objectives) Flashcards
The basic elements of normal movement include:
Body alignment (posture)
Joint mobility
Balance
Coordinated movement
Proper alignment while sitting, standing, or laying down helps with what?
Pain
With an immobile PT, their joints are pulled into a flexed (bent) position. How can the nurse reduce this?
Exercising / moving the pt
Changing their positions
Define contracture
Joint becomes fixed in a flexed (bent) position
Balance involves what?
Inner ear (labyrinth)
Vision (vestibulo-ocular input)
8th cranial nerve
What occurs during isotonic exercise?
Increases muscle tone, mass, strength, maintains joint flexibility and circulation.
Active ROM
Active movement
Increase blood flow to whole body
What occurs during isometric exercise?
Muscle contraction is occurring WITHOUT moving the joint (muscle length does not change)
(Pt tensing and relaxing muscle in cast)
Isometric exercise does NOT change HR
What types of exercises are used for isokinetic muscle contraction?
Weight machines
Weights
Therapy bands
What is occurring during isokinetic exercise?
Muscles are contracting or tensing against resistance
List examples of isotonic exercise:
Walking
Running
Swimming (non weight bearing)
Cycling
List aerobic exercises
Walking
Biking / spinning
Dancing
Gardening
Jogging / running
Boxing
(Improves cardio conditioning and physical fitness)
List examples of anaerobic exercise
Weight lifting
Sprinting
(Muscles cannot draw enough oxygen out from the blood stream- used to provide energy for a short time)
Effects of exercise on the MS system
Size, shape, tone and strength are maintained
Reduces weakness, depression, and chances of falling
Need to have weight bearing exercise
Effects of exercise on the respiratory system:
Prevents pooling of secretions (decreases breathing effort and risk for infection)
Effects of exercise on the GI system
Helps with GI tract tone and facilitates peristalsis
Decrease constipation
Increase appetite
Effects of exercise on the endocrine and metabolism
Exercise increases the use of triglycerides and fatty acids
Reduces cholesterol
Stabilizes blood sugar
Effects of exercise on psycho neurological
Exercise can elevate mood, relieve stress and anxiety
Effects of immobility on the cardiovascular system
Reminisced cardiac reserve
Tachycardia
Increases used of the valsalva maneuver (holding breath and straining when moving or sitting up in bed)
What is active ROM
Pt moves each joint through ROM and stretches all muscled groups within each plane over the joint
(Maintains or increases muscle strength and endurance)
What is passive ROM?
The nurse moves the PTs joints through its complete ROM
Exercise increases
Joint flexibility
Joint Stability
Joint ROM
The AHA recommends that individuals conduct _________ minutes of moderate exercise OR _______ minutes of vigorous exercise per week.
150 min. Of moderate (30 minutes x 5 days a week)
75 min. Of vigorous (25 minutes x 3 days a week)
The most common MSD (musculoskeletal disorder) amongst health care workers are:
Low back pain
Herniated disk
Strained muscles
Pulled or torn ligaments
Disk degradation
What action is the most significant cause of MSDs amongst healthcare workers?
Repositioning PTs in bed (specifically pulling a pt toward the head of the bed)
Upper extremity strength is important for PTs who use which types of assisted walking devices
Walkers / cane / crutches
Ways to measure activity tolerance is which 3 things?
HR
RR
BP
When is activity data collected when assessing the PTs activity tolerance?
Before activity
During
Immediately after activity stops
3 minutes after the activity stopped and the pt is rested
When assessing activity tolerance, the activity must be stopped if the pt has?
Facial paleness
Feels dizzy, weak, SOB, chest pain, dyspnea, chest pain
HR / RR significantly exceeds baseline
When is an activity considered safe for a pt? (How can you tell the tolerated the activity well?)
When their HR returns to baseline 5 minutes after the activity stops
