Activity And Exercise Chapter Notes (Book Objectives)

Question 1

The basic elements of normal movement include:

Answer 1

Body alignment (posture)
Joint mobility
Balance
Coordinated movement

Question 2

Proper alignment while sitting, standing, or laying down helps with what?

Answer 2

Pain

Question 3

With an immobile PT, their joints are pulled into a flexed (bent) position. How can the nurse reduce this?

Answer 3

Exercising / moving the pt
Changing their positions

Question 4

Define contracture

Answer 4

Joint becomes fixed in a flexed (bent) position

Question 5

Balance involves what?

Answer 5

Inner ear (labyrinth)
Vision (vestibulo-ocular input)
8th cranial nerve

Question 6

What occurs during isotonic exercise?

Answer 6

Increases muscle tone, mass, strength, maintains joint flexibility and circulation.
Active ROM
Active movement
Increase blood flow to whole body

Question 7

What occurs during isometric exercise?

Answer 7

Muscle contraction is occurring WITHOUT moving the joint (muscle length does not change)
(Pt tensing and relaxing muscle in cast)
Isometric exercise does NOT change HR

Question 8

What types of exercises are used for isokinetic muscle contraction?

Answer 8

Weight machines
Weights
Therapy bands

Question 9

What is occurring during isokinetic exercise?

Answer 9

Muscles are contracting or tensing against resistance

Question 10

List examples of isotonic exercise:

Answer 10

Walking
Running
Swimming (non weight bearing)
Cycling

Question 11

List aerobic exercises

Answer 11

Walking
Biking / spinning
Dancing
Gardening
Jogging / running
Boxing

(Improves cardio conditioning and physical fitness)

Question 12

List examples of anaerobic exercise

Answer 12

Weight lifting
Sprinting

(Muscles cannot draw enough oxygen out from the blood stream- used to provide energy for a short time)

Question 13

Effects of exercise on the MS system

Answer 13

Size, shape, tone and strength are maintained
Reduces weakness, depression, and chances of falling
Need to have weight bearing exercise

Question 14

Effects of exercise on the respiratory system:

Answer 14

Prevents pooling of secretions (decreases breathing effort and risk for infection)

Question 15

Effects of exercise on the GI system

Answer 15

Helps with GI tract tone and facilitates peristalsis
Decrease constipation
Increase appetite

Question 16

Effects of exercise on the endocrine and metabolism

Answer 16

Exercise increases the use of triglycerides and fatty acids
Reduces cholesterol
Stabilizes blood sugar

Question 17

Effects of exercise on psycho neurological

Answer 17

Exercise can elevate mood, relieve stress and anxiety

Question 18

Effects of immobility on the cardiovascular system

Answer 18

Reminisced cardiac reserve
Tachycardia
Increases used of the valsalva maneuver (holding breath and straining when moving or sitting up in bed)

Question 19

What is active ROM

Answer 19

Pt moves each joint through ROM and stretches all muscled groups within each plane over the joint
(Maintains or increases muscle strength and endurance)

Question 20

What is passive ROM?

Answer 20

The nurse moves the PTs joints through its complete ROM

Question 21

Exercise increases

Answer 21

Joint flexibility
Joint Stability
Joint ROM

Question 22

The AHA recommends that individuals conduct _________ minutes of moderate exercise OR _______ minutes of vigorous exercise per week.

Answer 22

150 min. Of moderate (30 minutes x 5 days a week)
75 min. Of vigorous (25 minutes x 3 days a week)

Question 23

The most common MSD (musculoskeletal disorder) amongst health care workers are:

Answer 23

Low back pain
Herniated disk
Strained muscles
Pulled or torn ligaments
Disk degradation

Question 24

What action is the most significant cause of MSDs amongst healthcare workers?

Answer 24

Repositioning PTs in bed (specifically pulling a pt toward the head of the bed)

Question 25

Upper extremity strength is important for PTs who use which types of assisted walking devices

Answer 25

Walkers / cane / crutches

Question 26

Ways to measure activity tolerance is which 3 things?

Answer 26

HR
RR
BP

Question 27

When is activity data collected when assessing the PTs activity tolerance?

Answer 27

Before activity
During
Immediately after activity stops
3 minutes after the activity stopped and the pt is rested

Question 28

When assessing activity tolerance, the activity must be stopped if the pt has?

Answer 28

Facial paleness
Feels dizzy, weak, SOB, chest pain, dyspnea, chest pain
HR / RR significantly exceeds baseline

Question 29

When is an activity considered safe for a pt? (How can you tell the tolerated the activity well?)

Answer 29

When their HR returns to baseline 5 minutes after the activity stops