Key figures Flashcards
Marquis de Lafayette (3)
Leader of the liberal aristocrats at the EG (Fayettists)
Favoured constitutional monarchy
Commander of the NG in Paris
Philippe, duc d’Orléans (4)
Prince of the Blood and Louis’ cousin
Outspoken critic of the Ancien Regime
Elected to EG as a Second Estate deputy but joined NA
Voted for Louis’ death
Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau (5)
Elected to EG as a Third Estate deputy
Wrote against ‘royal despotism’ in his Le Courrier de Provenance newspaper (but this was shut down)
Favoured constitutional monarchy
Became a close adviser of the King in 1790
Died April 1791
Abbé Sieyès (6)
Clergyman but not a noble Qu’est ce que le tiers état? Elected to EG as a third estate deputy Proposed setting up the NA Not involved in the Terror Served under the Directory and played an instrumental role in the coup de Brumaire
Jean-Sylvain Bailly (5)
Third Estate deputy at the EG
First President of NA and presided over the TCO
First Major of Paris under the new Commune
Attacked by Desmoulins for being too conservative
Lost popularity after ordering the dispersal of the crowds at Champs de Mars
Guillotined for refusing to testify against MA (1793)
Camille Desmoulins (5)
Les Révolutions de France et de Brabant (November 1789-July 1791) - campaigned for the deposition of the king and the establishment of a republic (low cost so popular)
Worked with Danton in Cordelier and Jacobin clubs
Joined the Montagnards in NC in 1792
Le Vieux Cordelier (December 1793) - argued against the Terror and policies of dechristianisation
Guillotined with other Indulgents/Dantonists in 1794
Abbé Henri Gregoire (4)
Elected to EG as First Estate but was a reformer
First cleric to take the oath of loyalty (CCC)
Became a ‘constitutional bishop’ but refused to renounce Christianity at the Festival of Reason
Forced to resign upon the Concordat (1801)
Antoine Barnarve (4)
Radical in NA - President in October 1790
Helped found the Feuillants (broke away from the Jacobins) - opposed republicanism
‘Retired’ in September 1791
Tried and executed as a monarchist in 1793
marquis de Condorcet (4)
Wealthy moderate - member of the Society of 89
Leading Enlightenment philosopher
Elected to NC and supported the Girondin
Imprisoned in 1794 where he died mysteriously
Georges-Jacques Danton (9)
Joined NG in July 1789
Helped found Cordeliers club in 1790
LA deputy - Minister of Justice 1792
Spoke at Jacobin and Cordeliers clubs, advocating the overthrow of the monarchy
Encouraged September Massacres in 1792
Tried to mediate between Jacobins and Girondins in NC
Proposed the creation of the Revolutionary Tribunal
First President of CPS
Guillotined with other Indulgents/Dantonists in 1794
Jean-Paul Marat (4)
L’Ami du Peuple (September 1789-July 1793) - criticised moderate revolutionary leaders
Montagnard deputy in NC
Very popular amongst the sans-culottes - L’Ami du Peuple called for mob action to depose the King since FTV
Assassinated by Charlotte Corday (Girondin)
Jacques-René Hébert (5)
Political satires - ‘le Père Duchesne’ (January 1791-March 1794)
Member of Jacobin and Cordeliers clubs and the commune
Helped to plan sans-culottes insurrections
Height of influence during the first few months of Terror
Too radical (dechristianisation and redistribution of property) so executed in 1794
Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve (3)
Mayor of Paris (November 1791)
First President of NC (September 1792)
Supported the Girondin, with whom he was expelled from the NC during 31 May-2 June journée (1793)
Jacques-Pierre Brissot (3)
Major proponent of the war with Austria
Led the Girondin faction in LA
Fled when his arrest was decreed during 31 May-2 June journée (1793) but was executed in October 1793
Jean-Marie Roland (3)
Associated with the Girondin
Minister of the Interior x 2 before becoming a deputy in NC
Fled when his arrest was decreed during 31 May-2 June journée (1793) but committed suicide in November after hearing about his wife’s execution
Thomas Paine (4)
English political writer who had a major influence on the American Revolution
Lived in France during 1790s
On the committee which aimed to draw up a new republican constitution to replace that of 1791
Elected to NC and supported Girondin
Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez (2)
General in 1792
Defected in April 1793 - his behaviour helped to discredit the Girondin who he had previously sided with
Jacques Roux (4)
Former Catholic clergyman
Radical
Active in Paris Commune and sections where he tried to ensure that the poor received good food supply
Arrested in August 1793
Lazare-Nicolas-Marguerite Carnot (3)
Deputy in LA and NC (Montagnard)
Prominent member of CPS - nicknamed ‘Organiser of Victory’ as he was in charge of military supplies
Became a Director and served Napoleon
Louis-Antoine-Léon Saint-Just (3)
NC (Montagnard)
Described as ‘the angel of the Terror’ - seen as an almost inhuman fanatic
Robespierre’s sidekick - arrested and executed with him