Key Definitions - The nature and variety of living organisms Flashcards

1
Q

define cell.

A

the basic building block of all living organisms that are made up of organelles

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2
Q

define eukaryotic cell.

A

a type of cell found in animal, plant, fungi and protoctist cells that contain a nucleus

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3
Q

define animals.

A

a kingdom where all organisms are multicellular, do not photosynthesize, no cell walls and store their carbohydrates as glycogen

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4
Q

define plants.

A

Multicellular, cells do contain chloroplasts, so photosynthesize, do contain cell walls and store carbohydrates as starch

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5
Q

define fungi.

A

no photosynthesis, feed via saprotrophic nutrition, composed of mycelium which consists of many hyphae, can be both multi and unicellular (yeast), contain cell walls and store carbohydrates as glycogen

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6
Q

define protoctists.

A

microscopic, single celled organisms

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7
Q

define prokaryotic cell.

A

a cell found in the bacteria kingdom that does not contain a nucleus

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8
Q

define bacteria.

A

single celled, prokaryotic (no nucleus) organisms, contain a cell wall and plasmids

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9
Q

define virus.

A

a non-living organism that can only reproduce inside host cells (parasitic). They have no cells and contain a protein coat and nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

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10
Q

define unicellular.

A

an organism made up of a single cell (bacteria and protoctista)

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11
Q

define amoeba.

A

Protoctists that live in pond water and resemble animal cells with chloroplasts

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12
Q

define chlorella.

A

a protoctist that has features similar to plant cells, e.g. chloroplasts

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13
Q

define chloroplast.

A

an organelle that is the site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

define DNA.

A

a double stranded molecule made of nucleotides, wound in a double helix shape, carrying the genetic code

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15
Q

define human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

A

a virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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16
Q

define influenza.

A

an infectious virus that causes the flu

17
Q

define hyphae.

A

long filaments of a fungus that contain many nuclei

18
Q

define lactobacillus bulgaricus.

A

a rod-shaped bacteria, used to produce yoghurt from milk

19
Q

define MRS H GREN

A

the characteristics an organism must have to be classed as living; Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity (to their environment), Homeostasis, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition

20
Q

define mucor.

A

a multicellular fungus that has many hyphae

21
Q

define multicellular.

A

refers to an organism that is made up of more than one cell. These organisms are only found in animals, plants and some fungi.

22
Q

define mycelium.

A

a collection of thread-like hyphae in fungus

23
Q

define pathogens.

A

microorganisms that cause disease to its host that can include bacteria, protoctists, fungi and viruses

24
Q

define photosynthesis.

A

a reaction where energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light to produce glucose

25
Q

define plasmids.

A

loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

26
Q

define plasmodium.

A

pathogenic protoctists that cause malaria

27
Q

define pneumococcus.

A

a spherical, pathogenic bacteria that causes pneumonia

28
Q

define saprotrophic nutrition.

A

the mode of extracellular nutrition in which digestive enzymes are secreted onto food outside of the cell and the products of digestion are absorbed

29
Q

define yeast.

A

a single celled fungus

30
Q

define tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

A

a plant pathogen which produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves, infecting chloroplasts and limits plant growth