Key Definitions

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

The organisation of living organisms into groups, based on shared features, with the aim of reflecting evolutionary relationships.

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of interbreeding organisms that produce fertile offspring

Question 3

Hybrid

Answer 3

A sterile cross between two separate species

Question 4

Hierachy

Answer 4

This refers to the classification system we use when large groups are sub-divided into smaller and smaller groups, with no overlap between the groups.

Question 5

Community

Answer 5

All of the populations of different species within an ecosystem.

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

A group of organisms of one species,living in the same area at the same time

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

A unit containing a community of organisms and their environment, interacting together.

Question 8

Ecology

Answer 8

The study of living organisms in relation to their environment, and both biotic and abiotic factors can affect such an environment.

Question 9

Food mile

Answer 9

A mile over which a food item is transported during the journey from producer to consumer, as a unit of measurement of the fuel used to transport it.

Question 10

Monoculture

Answer 10

The continuous production of one type of crop that is often genetically uniform

Question 11

Genetically modified crops

Answer 11

Organisms in which the genetic material had been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating ( and/or natural recombination) Altering genetic set up of organisms.

Question 12

Sustainable development

Answer 12

Development providing for the needs of an increasing population without harming the environment.

Question 13

Eutrophication

Answer 13

The process in which nutrients leach into waterways, causing a reduction in oxygen levels and the death of aquatic organisms.

Question 14

Biological molecule

Answer 14

The biological function of a molecule depends on its shape and structure. All organic molecules contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Question 16

Balanced diet

Answer 16

A diet that contains all the main nutrients in the correct amounts and proportions to maintain good health.

Question 17

Malnutrition

Answer 17

Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things (unbalanced diet), or being unable to use the food that one does eat.

Question 18

Cholera

Answer 18

Disease caused by a bacterium called Vibrio Cholerae

Question 19

Absorption

Answer 19

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood.

Question 20

Assimilation

Answer 20

The movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells.

Question 21

Plaque

Answer 21

A sticky coating made from leftover food particles, saliva and bacteria.

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 23

Aerobic respiration

Answer 23

Enzyme-catalysed reactions within cells, that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy, that the organism can use.

Question 24

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 24

Enzyme-catalysed reactions within cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without the use of oxygen.