5. Respiration

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

What is energy used for?

Answer 2

Growth 
Protein synthesis
Muscle contraction
cell division
Activation of molecules
Passage of nerve impulses
Maintaining constant body temperature
Active transport
Excretion of waste

Question 3

Aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Enzyme-catalysed reactions within cells, that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy, that the organism can use.

Question 4

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 4

Enzyme-catalysed reactions within cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy, without the use of oxygen.

Question 5

Aerobic respiration equation:

Answer 5

Glucose + oxygen 👉 carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 👉 6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy)

Question 6

Anaerobic respiration in microorganisms including yeast:

Answer 6

Glucose 👉 alcohol + carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 👉 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 7

Word equation for anaerobic respiration on muscles during vigorous exercise:

Answer 7

Glucose👉 lactic acid + (energy)

Question 8

Putting glucose in a polysaccharide (glycogen) prevent;

Answer 8

Removal from body

Rapid metabolism of glucose

Question 9

Cardiac ouput?

Answer 9

Heart rate ( beats/min) x stroke volume (volume of blood ejected per beat)

Question 10

What does conditioning do to the heart?

Answer 10

Cause physical and electrical changes in the heart. "Athletes heart". 
Aerobic training (run or swimming) causes heart to develop larger heart chambers.
Anaerobic training (weightlifting) increases thickness and strength of heart muscle.

Question 11

Why does your heart rate remain high even after finishing exercising?

Answer 11

The lactic acid that has built up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an ‘oxygen debt’. In order to repay this debt, the body must aerobically respire the lactic acid in the liver. Se even after exercise the heart rate continues to remain high to transport more oxygen to the liver and the person begins to breathe deeper to get more oxygen to the necessary places.

Question 12

Alveoli

Answer 12

Are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, in which gas exchange occurs.

Question 13

Why does the trachea have rings of cartilage around it?

Answer 13

They stabilise the trachea and keep it rigid, whilst allowing it to expand and lengthen during breathing. Also, prevents it from collapsing from the pressure inside the chest.

Question 14

Goblet cells

Answer 14

Secrete mucus (contains water). This mucus traps any unwanted particles. It also protects the cilia cells by lining it with a layer of mucus.

Question 15

Ciliated cells

Answer 15

Sweep away any unwanted microbes or particles out of our lungs and airways.

Question 16

How do doctors measure lung capacity?

Answer 16

Using a machine called a spirometer.

Question 17

Tidal volume

Answer 17

The volume of air you breathe in (or out) in one normal breathe.

Question 18

Residual volume

Answer 18

Even if you breathe out really hard there is some air left in the lungs to make sure they can stay open.

Question 19

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 19

How much more air can be exhaled above that of the normal tidal wave.

Question 20

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 20

How much more air can be inhaled above the normal tidal volume.

Question 21

Vital capacity

Answer 21

The maximum volume of air that can be exchanged in one breathe. (Lung capacity- residual volume)

Question 22

Total lung capacity

Answer 22

The total volume pf air you can fit in your lungs

Question 23

What are some main lung diseases?

Answer 23

Asbestosis
Lung cancser
Cystic fibrosis
Asthm

Question 24

What does it mean when cobalt chloride paper changes from light blue to pink?

Answer 24

That there is water.