5. Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

What is energy used for?

A
Growth 
Protein synthesis
Muscle contraction
cell division
Activation of molecules
Passage of nerve impulses
Maintaining constant body temperature
Active transport
Excretion of waste
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3
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Enzyme-catalysed reactions within cells, that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy, that the organism can use.

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4
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Enzyme-catalysed reactions within cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy, without the use of oxygen.

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5
Q

Aerobic respiration equation:

A

Glucose + oxygen ๐Ÿ‘‰ carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ๐Ÿ‘‰ 6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy)

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6
Q

Anaerobic respiration in microorganisms including yeast:

A

Glucose ๐Ÿ‘‰ alcohol + carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 ๐Ÿ‘‰ 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

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7
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration on muscles during vigorous exercise:

A

Glucose๐Ÿ‘‰ lactic acid + (energy)

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8
Q

Putting glucose in a polysaccharide (glycogen) prevent;

A

Removal from body

Rapid metabolism of glucose

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9
Q

Cardiac ouput?

A

Heart rate ( beats/min) x stroke volume (volume of blood ejected per beat)

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10
Q

What does conditioning do to the heart?

A
Cause physical and electrical changes in the heart. "Athletes heart". 
Aerobic training (run or swimming) causes heart to develop larger heart chambers.
Anaerobic training (weightlifting) increases thickness and strength of heart muscle.
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11
Q

Why does your heart rate remain high even after finishing exercising?

A

The lactic acid that has built up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an โ€˜oxygen debtโ€™. In order to repay this debt, the body must aerobically respire the lactic acid in the liver. Se even after exercise the heart rate continues to remain high to transport more oxygen to the liver and the person begins to breathe deeper to get more oxygen to the necessary places.

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12
Q

Alveoli

A

Are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, in which gas exchange occurs.

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13
Q

Why does the trachea have rings of cartilage around it?

A

They stabilise the trachea and keep it rigid, whilst allowing it to expand and lengthen during breathing. Also, prevents it from collapsing from the pressure inside the chest.

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14
Q

Goblet cells

A

Secrete mucus (contains water). This mucus traps any unwanted particles. It also protects the cilia cells by lining it with a layer of mucus.

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15
Q

Ciliated cells

A

Sweep away any unwanted microbes or particles out of our lungs and airways.

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16
Q

How do doctors measure lung capacity?

A

Using a machine called a spirometer.

17
Q

Tidal volume

A

The volume of air you breathe in (or out) in one normal breathe.

18
Q

Residual volume

A

Even if you breathe out really hard there is some air left in the lungs to make sure they can stay open.

19
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

How much more air can be exhaled above that of the normal tidal wave.

20
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

How much more air can be inhaled above the normal tidal volume.

21
Q

Vital capacity

A

The maximum volume of air that can be exchanged in one breathe. (Lung capacity- residual volume)

22
Q

Total lung capacity

A

The total volume pf air you can fit in your lungs

23
Q

What are some main lung diseases?

A

Asbestosis
Lung cancser
Cystic fibrosis
Asthm

24
Q

What does it mean when cobalt chloride paper changes from light blue to pink?

A

That there is water.