6. Transport In Animals

Question 1

Functions of circulatory system?

Answer 1

To carry oxygen to all cells.
To carry food to all cells.
To remove waste from cells.
To distribute haemoglobin around the body.
To form parts of the defence the body has against microbes.
To heal itself and prevent blood loss by clotting.

Question 2

Double circulatory system?

Answer 2

A double loop of circulation that pumps the blood throught the heart twice.

Question 3

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

Answer 3

To supply blood to the heart muscle, supplying the cardiac muscle cells with oxygen for respiration, so can release energy for contraction. Also carries deoxygenated blood away from heart.

Question 4

In what three ways can the activity of the heart be monitored?

Answer 4

ECG’s- electrocardiograms
Measuring pulse rate
Listening to the sounds of the valves closing

Question 5

What could happen if some of atheroma gets dislodged?

Answer 5

It can travel anywhere in the body and slow blood flow.
The fat could also get stuck in the lungs causing a pulmonary embolism or stop blood flow to a part of the brain causing a stroke.

Question 6

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 6

A drainage system that helps your body get rid of excess circulating fluid, and waste products. It also contains white blood cells and helps fight infection and disease.

Question 7

Lymph fluid

Answer 7

Formed when excess fluid drains from the body.

Question 8

Lymph vessels

Answer 8

Tiny channels that run thought the body and carry lymph fluid.

Question 9

Lymph nodes

Answer 9

Small glands connected by lymph vessels that are found throughout the body but especially in the neck, armpits, groin and abdomen. They contain white blood cells called lymphocytes which help fight infection and disease such as cancer.

Question 10

What is the artery leading to the liver called?

Answer 10

Hepatic artery

Question 11

What is the artery leading to the kidney called?

Answer 11

Renal artery

Question 12

What is a shunt vessel?

Answer 12

These vessels link an artery directly to a vein, allowing blood to by pass the capillaries in certain areas. They control blood flow by constriction and dilation.

Question 13

What is tunica externa made up off?

Answer 13

Elastin and collagen

Question 14

What is tunica media made up of?

Answer 14

Smooth muscle

Question 15

What is tunica interna made up of?

Answer 15

Endothelial cells

Question 16

What is in plasma?

Answer 16

Water
Fibrinogen
Albumin (a protein)
Antibodies
Digested foods
Mineral salts
Vitamins
Cell waste (urea, CO2)
Hormones

Question 17

What is in the solids of blood (cells)?

Answer 17

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

Question 18

What does the phagocyte do?

Answer 18

Engulfs pathogens and digests them (phagocytosis)

Lobed nucleus, more cytoplasm than lymphocytes and bigger than them.

Question 19

What does the lymphocytes do?

Answer 19

Made of lymph glands and are involved in antibody production, when fighting infection.
Large, dark round nucleus and smaller and less cytoplasm than phagocytes.

Question 20

Platelets?

Answer 20

Are involved in the clotting of blood. Help prevent blood loss and also the entry of pathogens when blood vessels are damaged. Use calcium to convert the soluble protein fibrinogen into the insoluble protein fibrin, this forms the mesh/ clot (scab)