8. Disease Flashcards
Pathogen
A disease-causing organism
Transmissible dieases.
A disease in which the pathogen can be passed from 1 host to another.
How are diseases transmitted?
Direct contact Respiratory droplets - transmission through air Animal bites Contaminated water/ food Body fluids Sharing needles.
How can disease be treated?
Antibiotics- anti-viral, anti-fungi, anti-bacterial
Vaccination
Antibody
Protein designed to target the antigen
What do antibodies do?
Lock onto antigens leading to the direct destruction of pathogens, or mark the pathogen for destruction by phagocytes.
What are some examples of autoimmune diseases?
Graves disease
Diabetes type 1
Toxic shock syndrome.
Vaccine
The administration of a weak or dead pathogen
What do memory (white) cells do?
Give long term immunity
Herd immunity
You vaccinate a subgroup of a population👉 this way, you minimise passing it in to people who are susceptible to the disease. More likely to come into contact with people who are protected.
Active immmunity
Defence against a pathogen when the body actively make antibodies against it. This type of immunity is slow to develop but is longer lasting (not always due to a vaccination)
Passive immunity
Immunity acquired from antibodies by an external source, such as another individual. No memory cells produced as it is short-lasting, but immediate.
Natural immunity
Naturally acquired immunity/obtained through usual circumstance.
Artificial immunity
Received by external means/ induced immune response that is asymptomatic.
Receiving anti-toxins?
Passive artificial
