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Biology GCSE > Key Concepts > Flashcards

Key Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that control reactions in the body

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2
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

What is a substrate?

A

Substance broken down by an enzyme

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4
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Tiny structures where respiration takes place

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5
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Where proteins are made

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6
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Large structure where the genes are stored that control activities of the cell

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7
Q

What does a cell membrane do?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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8
Q

What does a vacuole do?

A

Contains sap and helps with cell structure

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9
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Image size / actual size

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10
Q

What is the symbol for micrometres?

A

μm

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11
Q

What is the symbol for nanometres?

A

nm

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12
Q

How does the concentration of the substrate affect the rate of reaction?

A

The more concentrated the substrate is the faster the rate of reaction becomes

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13
Q

What is the optimum temperature of enzymes?

A

37.5 degrees

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14
Q

What is the optimum pH of enzymes?

A

It depends on where in the body the enzymes are working, for example the enzymes in the stomach have an optimum temperature of around 2

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15
Q

What is the name of the the product of two different substrate molecules?

A

Product molecule

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16
Q

What is it called when an enzyme breaks down a substrate?

A

Digestion

17
Q

What is the reverse of digestion?

A

Synthesis

18
Q

What are the monomers for carbohydrates?

A

Sugars

19
Q

What are the monomers for proteins?

A

Amino acids

20
Q

What are the monomers for lipids?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

21
Q

How do you calculate rate of reaction?

A

1 / time

22
Q

How many metres are there in a micrometre?

A

10^-6

23
Q

How many metres are there in a nanometre?

A

10^-9

Biology GCSE (11 decks)

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