Key Concepts

Question 1

Descriptive hypotheses

Answer 1

When a behavior will occur and how it will be measured. Predict when it will occur

Question 2

Causal hypotheses

Answer 2

Identifies a cause of behavior

Question 3

Good hypotheses criteria

Answer 3

Verifiable
Falsifiable
Precise
Rational
Parsimonious

Question 4

Assumptions of science

Answer 4

Reality exists and can be found through observation
Nature/behavior is lawful and ordered
Determinism- behavior is due to natural events and causes
Behavior/nature is understandable through laws discovered by the scientific method

Question 5

The scientific attitude

Answer 5

Openminded skepticism

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

Entire group we are studying

Question 7

Sample

Answer 7

A portion of the group we are studying

Question 8

Randomization

Answer 8

Every one has an equal and independent chance of being selected

Question 9

Random sampling

Answer 9

Randomly sample from the population

Question 10

Random assignment

Answer 10

Randomly assign to conditions

Question 11

Operational definition

Answer 11

Specific, concrete ways the researcher uses to create or measure the variable

Question 12

Hypothetical construct

Answer 12

Abstract concept

Question 13

Direction of relationships

Answer 13

Positive or negative

Question 14

Strength of relationships

Answer 14

Closeness of X Y relationship and the errors

Question 15

Correlation between size of r and accuracy of prediction in regression

Answer 15

?

Question 16

Descriptive stats

Answer 16

Organize and summarize data in a sample

Question 17

Inferential stats

Answer 17

Infer population characteristics

Question 18

Experimental research (techniques and advantages)

Answer 18

Makes statements of cause and effect. Less external validity but more internal

Question 19

Descriptive research (techniques and advantages)

Answer 19

Correlational designs. Has external validity, gives useful descriptions, may be more feasible or ethical, and is a good starting point for other research

Question 20

IV

Answer 20

Manipulated by experimenters

Question 21

DV

Answer 21

Changed by IV

Question 22

EV

Answer 22

Things that affect the DV other than the IV

Question 23

Reliability

Answer 23

Consistency

Question 24

Validity

Answer 24

Accuracy

Question 25

Internal validity

Answer 25

No confounding or EVs

Question 26

External validity

Answer 26

Can you generalize this to other types of people and situations

Question 27

Normal distribution

Answer 27

Symmetrical and theoretically asymptotic and mean=median=mode

Question 28

Skew

Answer 28

Not symmetrical

Question 29

Mean

Answer 29

Average

Question 30

Median

Answer 30

Middle score

Question 31

Mode

Answer 31

Most common score

Question 32

Standard deviation

Answer 32

How much scores deviate from each other and the mean. the square root of the sum of the scores minus the mean squared over N

Question 33

Power

Answer 33

The ability to see what is really there, like a microscope

Question 34

Empirical

Answer 34

Knowledge gained by observation and direct experience

Question 35

Test-retest reliability

Answer 35

Consistency of scores of time

Question 36

Internal reliability

Answer 36

Constancy of response to items within a test

Question 37

Content validity

Answer 37

It it accurate and representative reflection of the variable/behavior

Question 38

Construct validity

Answer 38

How accurate is the DV. How well does the HC line up with the OD