Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology Research Methods and Statistics > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Population

A

The entire group to which a law of nature applies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sample

A

A subset of a population intended to represent the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Representative sample

A

Accurately represents the characteristics and behaviors of individuals in the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Random sampling

A

Selecting a sample which each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypothetical construct

A

An abstract concept used to summarize and describe behaviors that share certain attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contracts are intentionally general why?

A

So that they may be examined from many different perspectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Variable

A

Any measurable aspect of a behavior or influence on a behavior that may change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we examine an aspect of a hypothetical construct?

A

By selecting a specific variable to measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Quantitative variable

A

The score indicates the amount of the variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Qualitative variable

A

Indicates a quality or category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Operational definition

A

Defines a variable by the specific operations used to measure it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is each variable in the study defined?

A

In the terms of the procedure used to measure it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Relationship

A

When a change in one variable is accompanied by a consistent change in another variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strength of a relationship

A

The extent to which one value of Y is consistently associated with one value of X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two reasons relationships are not perfectly consistent

A

External influences and individual differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Individual differences

A

No two individuals are identical, which may influence behavior in any given situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In research, what parts of the relationship are we concerned with?

A

The strength and existence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the given variable?

A

X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the other variable?

A

Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The scores on Y change as a what to X?

A

A function

21
Q

Data point

A

Dot on a graph

22
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Procedures for organizing and summarizing scores so that we can describe and communicate the important characteristics of the data

23
Q

Purposes of Descriptive statistics

A

Tell if there is a relationship, summarize scores and describe the data, and predict behavior

24
Q

Inferential statistics

A

To infer the description applicable to everyone in the population based on the sample data; Procedures for deciding if the sample data represents the population. If the sample is believable

25
Q

Does a sample always accurately represent a population?

A

No

26
Q

Generalize

A

Apply conclusions to other individuals or situations

27
Q

Two ways we generalize

A

The relationship in the sample to the population, and variables in the population to the relationship between broader hypothetical constructs

28
Q

Experiment

A

Actively changes or manipulates one variable and measures the resulting behavior

29
Q

Independent variable

A

Directly changed

30
Q

Confederates

A

People enlisted to act as other participant or accidental passerby’s

31
Q

Condition/level/treatment

A

A specific amount or category of the independent variable that the researcher selects to create the situation under which the participants are observed

32
Q

Independent variable:Conditions

A

Entire causal variable of interest: specific amounts/ categories of the variable

33
Q

Control group

A

Measured for the dependent variable but receives no independent variable or treatment

34
Q

Experimental group

A

Receives a nonzero amount of the independent variable

35
Q

True experiment

A

The independent variable is controlled by the researcher

36
Q

True independent variable

A

Controlled by the researcher

37
Q

Random assignment

A

Condition of independent variable is determined by chance

38
Q

Quasi-independent variable

A

Variables which cannot be manipulated

39
Q

Quasi-experiment

A

Not what the researcher does to the participant, but the participant is assigned to a particular condition because ethic already qualify for it

40
Q

Dependent variable

A

Reflects some aspect of the participants or their behavior

41
Q

Reaction time

A

Amount of time the participant takes to respond

42
Q

Forced-choice procedure

A

Participants select form a limited set of choices

43
Q

Sorting task

A

Indicate similarities or differences by sorting the stimuli into different groups

44
Q

Self-reports

A

Asked to describe their feelings, beliefs, or attitudes

45
Q

Likert-type questions

A

Rate a series of statements

46
Q

Intervening variables

A

Influenced by the independent variable, which in turn influences the dependent variable

47
Q

Descriptive design

A

Simply observe behaviors or relationships so that we may describe them

48
Q

Correlation design

A

Passively measure scores on at least two variable and determine whether the scores form the predicted relationship

Psychology Research Methods and Statistics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions