Chapter 4 Flashcards
What should an IV do?
Reflect the HCs and generalize well
Choosing the number of conditions
Depends on the study
Choosing the amount of variable for each condition
Need to make a strong manipulation
Strong manipulation
Manipulate the variable in a way which is likely to produce differences
Two approaches to create a strong manipulation
Select amounts or categories that are significantly different from each other and have participants experience a condition sufficiently for it to influence their behavior
Control for validity
Eliminate confounding variables
Control for reliability
Measure and manipulate consistently and without error
Manipulation check
A measurement, in addition to the dependent variable, that determines whether each condition of the IV had its intended effect; Used to check for intervening variables
Designing the IV
Selecting the number of conditions and their amounts, minimizing confounding variables, employing strong manipulation, and a performing manipulation check.
Scoring criteria
Define the system for assigning scores to different responses; eliminates inconsistency, sloppiness, and error
Sensitive measure
Produces different scores for small differences in behavior
Restriction of range
The range of possible scores on a variable is limited
Ceiling effects
The lowest potential score is so high that higher-scoring individuals cannot get much higher
Floor effects
The highest potential scores are so low that lower-scoring individuals can’t get much lower
Research ethics
Balancing a researcher’s right to study a behavior with the right of participants to be protected from abuse
5 general components to the APA principles
- ID potential risks
- Protect participants from physical and psychological harm
- Justify remaining risks
- Obtain informed consent
- Take care of participant after the study
When can deception be used?
Only when necessary
Info about participants should be kept what?
Confidential
When are risks justified?
When the study will demonstrate something new and important
Primary ethical concern
Minimize potential physical/psychological harm and ensure any remaining risk is justified
Human Subjects Review Committee
Reviews a study’s procedures to ensure the ethical treatment of participants
4 components of informed consent
- Describe the purpose and procedure of the study
- Explicitly warn participants of any physical/psychological risks
- Inform participants that they are free to discontinue the study at any time without penalty
- Obtain signatures as explicit consent
Debriefing
Fully inform participants about all aspects of the study, including the manipulation and any deception used and why
Role playing
Have people simulate being in the experiment
Animal research ethics
APA provides guidelines how to treat animals, evaluate it in the same way we do human research ethics
Prevent fraud
Peer review and replication
