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ENDO I exam 2 > Ketchum- Urinary tract and rectum (part of compartmentalization lecture) > Flashcards

Ketchum- Urinary tract and rectum (part of compartmentalization lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 surfaces of the bladder

A

superior, inferolateral (2)

inferoposterior (base of bladder)

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2
Q

where is the apex of bladder and what arises

A

apex is the junction of inferolateral and superior surfaces

the median umbilical ligament arises here

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3
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder

A

superior-lateral angles

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4
Q

Where is the neck of bladder and what does it surround

A

junction of inferolateral and inferoposterior surfaces

surround internal urethral opening

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5
Q

what separates bladder form pelvic contents

A

prevesical fascial space

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6
Q

What are the structures of the bladder

A

smooth m wall
submucosal layer with loose areolar tissue
mucous membrane of transitional epithelium
and the trigone

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7
Q

Where is the ducturs deferens in relation to ureter

A

anterior

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8
Q

What is the trigone of bladder

A

area between orifices of ureters superiorly and internal urethral orifice inferiorly
superior border marked by ureteric fold
inferior border marked by uvula at urethral orifice
trigonal mm smooth

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9
Q

What type of inn does trigonal m of bladder receive?

A

SAN

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10
Q

What is the major aa supply to bladder

A

superior vesical aa from umbilical

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11
Q

what aa supply bladder

A

superior vescial
vesiculodeferential aa (middle vesicle)
inferior vesical

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12
Q

what is the male homologue of uterine a

A

vesiculodeterential a

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13
Q

Where is the venous drainage from bladder

A

dense venous plexus at base and neck
prostatic in male
vesico-vaginal in female
drains into internal iliac v

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14
Q

Where do the ureters run with regards to iliac vessels

A

anteriorly

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15
Q

how is there no backflow in ureters

A

remain in wall of bladder about 2 cm before opening so when bladder contracts the ureters close by compression

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16
Q

what aa supply the pelvic ureters

A

common iliac a, internal iliac, vasiculodeferential ( uterine or inferior vesicle)

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17
Q

what are the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

intramural, prostatic, membranous and cavernous

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18
Q

Where is the prostatic urethra

A

from internal urethral orifice through prostate gland

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19
Q

where is the membranous urethra in male

A

through UG diaphragm surrounded by sphincter urethrae m

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20
Q

where is the cavernous urethra in male

A

from inferior surface of UG thorugh spongy body of penis

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21
Q

Where are the dilations in the cavernous urethra in male

A

within bulb(bulbar) and within glans (fossa navicularis)

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22
Q

what is the least extensible portion of urethra

A

the external orifice

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23
Q

what 2 glands open into cavernous urethra

A

bulbourethral gland and urethral gland

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24
Q

What are the portions of the female urethra

A

superior and membranous

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25
what surrounds superior urethra in female and therse are homolog to what
urethral glands homologs to prostate glands
26
which part of female ureter pierces UG diaphragm
membranous
27
What type of inn does the detrusor mm receive
PAN
28
where does the rectum originate, what level
3rd sacral vertebra
29
what 2 morphological features distinguish rectum from sigmoid colon
rectum has no mesocolon (retroperitoneal) | teniae coli spread out as longitudinal mm surrounding rectum
30
where is the perineal flexure
sharp inferior posterior angulation near anal orifice
31
The curvatures of rectum divide it into what two portions
rectum proper and anal canal
32
what is the ampulla of rectum
dilated caudal portion of rectum proper
33
describe anatomical and clinical anal canal
anatomical- from level of upper surface pelvic diaphragm to anus (1-1.5 in) clinical- from pectinate line to anal verge (.5 in)
34
what are the palpable structures in the male rectovesical pouch
``` posterior surface of bladder seminal vesicles distal vas deferens prostate sacrum, coccyx and ischial spines ```
35
what are the contents of the female rectouterine pouch
cervix, vagina and sacrum, coccyx ischial spines
36
Describe mm of rectum
outer longitudinal mm (blend with fibers of levator ani) | inner circular mm( thickened to form internal sphincter
37
what are the plica transversales
transverse rectal folds | semilunar folds of mucosa, submucosa and circular m
38
How many folds are there in rectum
3: 2 on left and 1 on right
39
what are the rectal columns
mucous membrane over submucosal aa and vv
40
What are the anal valves
arch like folds of mucous membrane connecting caudal ends or rectal columns
41
What do the anal valves cover
anal sinuses which may be opnening for anal ducts arising from anal glands
42
what is the pectinate line
irregular circumferential line formed by anal valves and base of rectal columns
43
what does the pectinate line demarcate for vv, nn, epithelium and lymph
vv: superior drains to middle and superior rectal inferior drains to inferior rectal nn: superior is autonomic inferior is somatic lymph: superior to pelvic nodes inferior to inguinal nodes epithelium is typical above and stratified squamous below
44
What is the pecten of rectum
area immediately below pectinate line | characterized by lots of CT blue/white appearance
45
What is the anal verge
caudal portion of anal canal with sweat glands and hair follicles
46
What aa supply rectum
superior rectal, middle rectal and inferior rectal
47
Where do superior rectal aa come from
inferior mesenteric a divides into R and L DOES NOT supply upper 1/5 1/4 rectum
48
Where do middle rectal comr from
internal iliac or other pelvic aa
49
where do inferior rectal come from
internal pudendal aa, supply external anal sphincter and perianal portion of levator ani m
50
What drains the rectum
submucosal plexus superior rectal v above line, inferior rectal v below perimuscular plexus to middle rectal v
51
Which vessels in pelvis are not derived from internal iliac a and v
middle sacral, superior rectal and obturator aa
52
Which branch of common iliac a is smaller
internal
53
What is the internal iliac split into
anterior and posterior trunks
54
What aa come off posterior trunk of internal iliac
iliolumbar | lateral sacral and superior gluteal
55
what does iliolumbar turn into and supply
iliac branch supplies iliacus m | lubar branch supplies psoas and quadratus lumborum
56
what do the lateral sacral aa supply
structures of vertebral canal, skin an mm over dorsum of sacrum anastomoses with branches of superior gluteal a
57
what are the 2 paths of lateral sacral a
first enters anterior sacral foramen | second descendes along sacrum medial to anterior foraminae
58
Where does superior gluteal a leave pelvis and what does it supply
leaves thru greater sciatic foramen above piriformis sometimes divides into superior gluteal and inferior gluteal a may give rise to obturator a
59
What branches come off anterior trunk of internal iliac a
``` umbilical (superior vesical) middle rectal inferior rectal obturator a internal pudendal a inferior gluteal a uterine and vaginal aa vesiculodeferential a ```
60
Where does the middle sacral a originate from
aorta along anterior surface of sacrum
61
Where does the superior rectal a branch from
inferior mesenteric
62
Describe venous drainage of pelvis
internal iliac and iliolumbar v
63
What are the cruciate anastomosis in pelvic viscera
gluteal aa to perforating branch of profunda femoris a
64
what does obturator a anastomose with
medial femoral circumflex
65
what does iliac branch of iliolumbar anastomose with
deep circumflex a
66
what do the lumbar branches of iliolumbar anastomose with
lumbar branches of aorta
67
what do the internal pudendal aa anastamose with
external pudendal a
68
what do the lateral sacral aa anastomose with
middle sacral a
69
what do the superior recta a anastomose with
middle and inferior rectal a
70
What nn are in the lumbar plexus
ventral rami of T12-L5 formed in substance of psoas major both ant and post leave pelvis on anterior aspect of thigh
71
what nn are in the sacral plexus
ventral rami of S1-S3 formed within pelvis on anterior surface and lateral borders of sacrum both ant and post leave pelvis posteriorly entering buttocks
72
What do the ant divisions of lumbosacral plexus inn | post divisions?
ant: original flexor mm post: original extensor
73
What are the anterior branches of lumbar plexus
``` iliohypogastric ilioinguinal genitofemoral obturator L4 contribution to sacral plexus ```
74
what are the posterior branches of lumbar plexus
lateral femoral cutaneous femoral accessory obturator
75
What 3 main nn come from ant division lumbosacral plexus
``` obturator n medial plantar (tibial) lateral planta (tibial) ```
76
What 2 main nn come from post division lumbosacral plexus
femoral | common fibular
77
What are the nn that come from ant division sacral plexus
tibial portion sciatic n to quadratus femoris n to obturator internus pudendal n
78
what nn come from post division of sacral plexus
``` superior gluteal inferior gluteal common peroneal portion of sciatic n to piriformis posterior femoral cuteaneous ```

ENDO I exam 2 (11 decks)

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