Histo-male Flashcards by Amanda Beach

What ring do the testes descend through

deep inguinal ring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the exocrine product of the testes

gametes, sperm cells,

they produce and secrete

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the endocrine product of the testes

androgens–> male sex hormones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the duct of the testes exocrine glands

seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of CT surrounds testes

fibro-elastic CT capsule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the mediastinum testis

hilar region, exit and entry of the vessels, lymphatics, nerves and ducts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the tunica albuginea

CT along post border testis, thickened capsule that projects inward

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the CT septae of testes

radiate from mediastinum to inner face of capsule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is within a lobule of the testes

each lobule has 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules in loos CT stroma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the cells that produce testosterone in testes

Leydig cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe Leydig cells characteristics

large, polyhedral interstitial cells with rounded nuclei (1-2 nucleoli) with many cytoplamsic inclusions
prominent Golgi, abundant mitochondria, extensive sER, peroxisomes, and lysosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are leydig cells arranged

singly or clustered in stroma between seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why are leydig cells found close to vasculature

endocrine in nature

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the site of spermatogenesis

seminiferous tubule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What occurs in process of spermatogenesis

spermatogonia transformed into spermatozoa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What occurs in process of spermiogenesis

part of spermatogensis, spermatids to spermatozoa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe general path beginning with seminiferous tubule

connects tubules and at termination the convoluted tubule becomes a straight tubule
empties into rete testis of mediastinum testis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

describe basement membrane of seminiferous tubule

collagen fibers encircle each tubule, with contractile type cells, acts like smooth m

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the epithelium of seminiferous tubules

specialized stratified epithelium
spermatogenic (seminiferous or germinal) epithelium
basal cells rest on basement membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how do the seminiferous tubules differ in adults than with young adolescents

in adult epithelium borders central lumen

in pre-adolescence there are solid cords with no lumen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do we call the cells that surround seminiferous tubules

peritubular contractile cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the spermatogenic epithelium within seminiferous tubule

germ cells, sertoli cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the epithelium like in the spermatogenic epithelium

stratified 4-8 layers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the sertoli cells

“nurse cells” to spermatids that provide germ cells with mechanical support, protection and nutrition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe characteristic of sertoli cells

tall columnar cells that are large, pale, oval nuclei with prominent nucleus and membrane infoldings

What side of the sertoli cells faces above base cells

apex and lateral faces

Describe changes of germ cells along sertoli cells

near the base are the most young germ cells and mature as reach apex

Why is it important for sertoli cells to have tight junctions

blood-testis barrier separate spermatocytes from spermatogonia prevent antigens from being seen from immune cells that have never seen antigen before (prevent autoimmunity)

What are the 3 phases of spermatogenesis

spermatocytogenesis meiosis spermiogenesis

What occurs in spermatocytogenesis

spermatogonia proligerate by mitotic divisions | Type A to Type B to primary spermatocytes

What occurs in the meiosis part of spermatogenesis

primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte to spermatid (4N-->2N-->1N)

What occurs in spermiogenesis

spermatids to spermatozoa (motile)

What are the germ cells present prior to puberty

only spermatogonia, cannot divide further

What happens to the Type A spermatogonia

one daughter remains as type A and one becomes type B

How man chromosomes do spermatogonia have

2N pair of 23 chromosomes

What is the largest sperm cell

primary spermatocytes

What happens from when switching from primary spermatocyte to secondary

primary duplicates 4N pair 46 chromosomes and then splits into 2 2N pair 23 chromosomes

Why are secondary spermatocytes hard to see or find

because extremely rapid phase

Where are spermatids found in tubule

close to lumen

What is the shape of a late spermatid nucleus

arrowhead

Where does sperm acquire motility and thus become capable of fertilization

epididymis

Descirbe the head of mature sperm

condensed nucleus and cap | dense acrosome at the anterior boundary

What is within the acrosome of sperm

hyaluronidase, aids sperm in penetration of unfertilized egg

Describe the neck and middle of mature sperm

contains core of longitudinal filaments with mitochondrial sheath that powers the movements of tail

Describe the tail of mature sperm

ensheathed by thin layer cytoplasm 9+2 MT arrangement (9 pair surrounding doublet at core)

how many stages occur in cycle within seminiferous epithelium

6 stages

What is a segment of seminiferous epithelium

length of tubule between identical stages

What is a wave of seminiferous epithelium

distance between 2 similar stages

Where does the seminiferous tubule become the straight tubule or "tubuli recti"

apex of lobule

How does epithelium change when reach straight seminiferious tubule

simple columnar epithelium

What is the rete testis

irregular network of anastomosing channels in mediastinum testis

Where do the efferent ductules of testis drain to

ductus epididymis

What forms the epididymis

efferent ductules merging with ductus epididymis

What is the ductus epididymis

single coiled duct that is about 20 ft long

what is the epithelium like in epididymis

Very tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia continuous with ductus deferens

What are stereocilia and function?

really long microvilli, primarily for absorption

Describe characteristics of ductus deferens

thick walled muscular tube | epithelium like ductus epididymis--> not as dense or tall

what is the course of ductus deferens

course retropertoneally into pelvis after traveling with spermatic cord terminally dilates as ampulla and ends as ejaculatory duct

What forms ejaculatory duct

union of ampulla and seminal vesicle

What does the ejaculatory duct empty into

prostatic urethra

How do sperm move through ductus deferens

propulsion, peristaltic contractions and potentially swimming too

Where in the cavity are the seminal vesicles

postero-inferior surface of bladder

What changes the epithlium of seminal vesicles

depends on testosterone

What is the fucniton of seminal vesicle

produce sperm, does not store it | produce and store mucoid secretions

What is a high component of ejaculate

fructose because nutrition for sperm

What are the zones of the prostate gland

peripheral zone, transitional zone, central zone, (periurethral zone- debatable)

What is BPH and what does it cause

nodular hyperplasia from glands in central zone of prostate gland early urinary obstruction

Where are most carcinomas of prostate gland

in peripheral zone, palpable in DRE

What affects glandular development in prostate gland

hormones

What are prostatic concretions

corpora amylacea, Ca deposits, increase size and number iwth age

Describe the fluid of prostatic secretions

alightly alkaline pH to counteract acidicty of female tract

What enzyme is found in prostatic secretions and how is it used clinically

acid phosphatase | aids in Dx of prostatic epithelial malignancies

What is the Cowpers gland

bulbourethral glands embedded in UG diaphragm that is a tubulo aveolar gland to secrete clear viscous, mucoid subsance under erotic stimulation

What is the function of cowpers gland secretions

lubricate urethra

What are the parts of urethra

prostatic, membranous and penile

What part of urethra runs length of corpus cavernosum

penile urethra

Descirbe the structure of aa during flaccidity

smooth muscle coils helicine aa, obstructs flow

How does erection occur

PAN straightens helicine aa, closes shunt to allow aa to fill cavities dilate and compress venules

What prevens expansion of penisq

tunica albuginea

Where does the tru ejaculationcome from

prostate gland

where is sperm stored

in epididymis and ductus deferens

SAN and somatic musculature control erection or ejaculation

ejaculation

Which muscle forces semen outside

bulbo-cavernosus | compresses bulb of corpus spongiosum

Describe the corpus cavernosum urethra

cylindrycal body of vascular lacunae, enclosed in CT capsule, connected to venous plexus with mucosal glands (tubular invaginations of epithelium(

What are the three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue

corpus cavernosum urethra (corpus spongiosum) | and two corpora cavernosa

Descirbe the 2 corpora cavernosa

dorsal skin lacks fat and hair follicles terminally the skin reduplicates in fold (prepuce)

What part of penis is removed in circumsicion

the prepuce

Describe epithelium over glans of penis

stratified squamous, nonkeratinizing | continuous with urethral epithelium