KERBOODLE SUMMARY QUESTIONS: WM Flashcards by hubooshi Abduljhbar

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the sytematic name of the compound

primary alcohol

pentan-1-ol

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Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

secondary alcohol

cyclohexanol

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Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

secondary alcohol

heptan-3-ol

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Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

tertiary alcohol

2-methylbutan-2-ol

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Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

diol

butan-2,3-diol

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Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

primary alcohol

decan-1-ol

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Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula.

ether

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Why does ethanol mix with water but hexanol does not?

Hydrogen bonding between ethanol and water molecules. As the hydrocarbon chain gets longer, the importance of the -OH group relative to that of the alkyl group becomes less and hexanol is unable to mix with water.

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Which compound(s) is(are) alcohols?

A, B, D, E

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Which compound(s) is(are) ethers?

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Which compounds are isomers?

C and D

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Which compound(s) is(are) diols?

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Which compound do you think will be most volatile?

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Which compound would you expect to be the most soluble in water?

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Which compound(s) would form carboxylic acid on refulxing with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

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Which compound would not react on refluxing with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

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Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (M_r) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why ethanol has a higher boiling point than ethane

Ethanol has hydrogen bonds between molecules, ethane does not. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular bond and so more energy is needed to break them to form gas. Therefore the boiling point is higher.

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Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (M_r) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why water has a higher boiling point than ethanol

Water forms more hydrogen bonds than ethanol so more energy is needed to break all those in water. Therefore the boiling point is higher.

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Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (M_r) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethanol

Both have an OH group so form hydrogen bonds. Boiling point increases down a homologous series as M_r increases. Hence butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethanol

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Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (M_r) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethoxyethane

Butan-1-ol forms hydrogen bonds, ethoxyethane does not. Hence more energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds in butan-1-ol and so the boiling point it higher.

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Identify a compound that would give but-1-ene on dehydration

butan-1-ol

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Write an equation for a dehydration reaction that would form but-1-ene

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For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

fizzes

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For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

stays orange

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For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

no reaction

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

orange to green

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

no reaction

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

orange to green

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

no reaction

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

stays orange

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

fizzes

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

stays orange

What type of reaction will occur when propan-1-ol is warmed with ethanoic anhydride?

esterification

What type of reaction will occur when butan-1-ol is refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

oxidation

What type of reaction will occur when butan-2-ol is refluxed with concentrated sulfuric acid?

dehydration

What type of reaction will occur when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol is refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

no reaction

What type of reaction will occur when butan-1-ol is refluxed with propanoic acid with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid added?

esterification

What type of reaction will occur when ethanol (in excess) is heated with sodium dichromate(VI) solution, with products distilled out as the reaction proceeds?

oxidation

What type of reaction will occur when butan-2-ol is heated to 300^oC over aluminium oxide, Al₂O₃?

dehydration

What type of reaction will occur when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol is shaken together with concentrated hydrochloric acid?

nucleophilic substitution

What type of reaction will occur when butan-2-ol is refluxed with potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

oxidation

What type of product will be formed when propan-1-ol is warmed with ethanoic anhydride?

ester

What type of product will be formed when butan-1-ol is refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

carboxylic acid

What type of product will be formed when butan-2-ol is refluxed with concentrated sulfuric acid?

alkene

What type of product will be formed when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

no reaction

What type of product will be formed when butan-1-ol is refluxed with propanoic acid with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid added?

ester

What type of product will be formed when ethanol (in excess) is heated with sodium dichromate(VI) solution, with products distilled out as the reaction proceeds?

aldehyde

What type of product will be formed when butan-2-ol is heated to 300^oC over aluminium oxide, Al₂O₃?

alkene

What type of product will be formed when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol is shaken together with concentrated hydrochloric acid?

haloalkane

What type of product will be formed when butan-2-ol is refluxed with potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

ketone

Name the compound below

hexan-3-ol

Name the compound below:

propan-1-ol

Name the compound below:

2,4 - dichlorophenol

Name the compound below:

butanoic acid

Name the compound below:

butan-2-one

Name the compound CH₃C(CH₃)(OH)CH₂CH₃

2-methylpentan-2-ol

Name the compound HCOOH

methanoic acid

From compounds i to vii identify a secondary alcohol

From compounds i to vii identify an aldehyde

From compounds i to vii identify a phenol

iii

From compounds i to vii identify a ketone

From compounds i to vii identify an aliphatic alcohol that is not easily oxidised on heating with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)

From compounds i to vii identify a molecule that produces a purple colour with neutral aqueous iron(III) chloride

iii

From compounds i to vii identify a can be produced by the oxidation of methanol

viii

Draw the structure of the organic product when the following reacts with excess NaOH

Phenols and carboxylic acids are weak acids and show typical acid properties. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of a phenol and sodium hydroxide

C₆H₅OH + NaOH --\> C₆H₅O^-Na⁺ + H₂O

Phenols and carboxylic acids are weak acids and show typical acid properties. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of propanoic acid and potassium hydroxide

CH₃CH₂COOH + KOH --\> CH₃CH₂COO^-K⁺ + H₂O

Phenols and carboxylic acids are weak acids and show typical acid properties. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of butanoic acid and sodium carbonate

2CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH + Na₂CO₃ --\> 2CH₃CH₂CH₂COO^-Na⁺ + CO₂ + H₂O

Draw the structure of the ester produced from the following reaction

The infrared spectrum of carbon dioxide shows a strong absorption at 2360 cm^-1 Calculate the wavelength of radiation absorbed. Give your answer in µm Then use c = λv to calculate the frequency of the radiation absorbed. (c = 3.00 x 10⁸ ms^-1 1µm = 1 x 10^-6 m)

4. 24 7. 08 x 10¹³ Hz

Below is the infrared spectrum of a phenol. Identify the key peaks in the spectrum, and the bond to which each corresponds

O-H = 3660 m^-1 C-H (arene) = 3060 m^-1

Below are the infrared spectra of butan-2-ol and butan-2-one Draw structures for butan-2-ol and butan-2-one

CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃

Below are the infrared spectra of butan-2-ol and butan-2-one Identify the key peaks in each spectrum, and the bond to which each corresponds. Give your answer in the form of a table

* A * O-H = 3660 * C-H = 2970 * B * C-H = 2990 * C=O = 1730

Below are the infrared spectra of butan-2-ol and butan-2-one Decide which spectrum represents butan-2-ol and which represents butan-2-one

A = butan-2-ol B = butan-2-one

The infrared spectra below represents 3 compounds, C, D, and E. The compounds are an ester, a carboxylic acid, and an alcohol, though not necessarily in that order Identify the key peaks in each spectrum, and the bond to which each corresponds

* C * O-H = 3580 * C-H = 2990 * C=O = 1775 * (C-O = 1050 - 1300) * D * O-H = 3670 * C-H = 2950 * (C-O = 1050 - 1300) * E * C-H = 2990 * C=O = 1770 * (C-O = 1050 - 1300)

The infrared spectra below represents 3 compounds, C, D, and E. The compounds are an ester, a carboxylic acid, and an alcohol, though not necessarily in that order Decide which spectrum represents which type of compound

C = carboxylic acid D = alcohol E = ester

Oil of wintergreen has mild pain-killing properties. Its structure is shown below. Draw up a table to show the key peaks you would expect to see in the infrared spectrum of oil of wintergreen, and the bond that each absorption corresponds to.

* O-H = 3600-3640 phenol * C-H = 2850-2950 aliphatic * C=O = 1735-1750 ester * C-H = 3000-3100 aromatic

Look at the mass spectrum of butan-2-one Identify the molecular ion peak and write the formula for it

C₄H₈O⁺

From compounds i to vii identify a molecule that gives carbon dioxide with sodium carbonate

vii

Look at the mass spectrum of butan-2-one What causes the peak at m/z = 73?

isotope peak for ¹³C

Look at the mass spectrum of butan-2-one Why are there peaks at m/z values of 27, 29, 43, 57 and 72?

the first four peaks are fragments from the molecular ion peak from the molecular ion peak

Butan-2-ol has a number of different structural isomers. How would the mass spectra of these isomers be the same as the mass spectrum for butan-2-ol?

same molecular ion peak at 72 m/z

Butan-2-ol has a number of different structural isomers. How would the mass spectra of these isomers differ from the mass spectrum for butan-2-ol?

the fragmentation pattern would differ

Write a step by step method for recrystallisation, using your practical work as a guide

Dissolve the solute in the minimum quantity of hot solvent Allow to cool and crystallise Filter off the crystals and wash will small quantity of cold solvent Dry the crystals

What principles could be used to reduce waste products in industrial processes for manufacturing chemicals?

Better atom economy Prevention of waste products Reduce reagents and steps Use catalysts and more selective catalysts

List three different types of organic reaction and comment on their atom economy

addition - atom economy = 100% substitution - atom economy = \<100% elimination - atom economy = \<100%

What are the different techniques for determining melting points and give a brief description. What advantages do they have?

* Heated oil bath * cheap but messy * heated oil smells * Heated metal block * reasonably cheap * robust * melting points easily repeated * Electrically heated * expensive * robust * melting points very easily repeated

From compounds i to vii identify a produces a carboxylic acid on refluxing with excess acidified dichromate(VI)

ii and iv