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CHEMISTRY AS > KERBOODLE SUMMARY QUESTIONS: WM > Flashcards

KERBOODLE SUMMARY QUESTIONS: WM Flashcards

1
Q

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the sytematic name of the compound

A

primary alcohol

pentan-1-ol

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2
Q

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

A

secondary alcohol

cyclohexanol

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3
Q

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

A

secondary alcohol

heptan-3-ol

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4
Q

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

A

tertiary alcohol

2-methylbutan-2-ol

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5
Q

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

A

diol

butan-2,3-diol

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6
Q

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula. Then give the systematic name of the compound

A

primary alcohol

decan-1-ol

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7
Q

Give the type of function group for the skeletal formula.

A

ether

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8
Q

Why does ethanol mix with water but hexanol does not?

A

Hydrogen bonding between ethanol and water molecules. As the hydrocarbon chain gets longer, the importance of the -OH group relative to that of the alkyl group becomes less and hexanol is unable to mix with water.

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9
Q

Which compound(s) is(are) alcohols?

A

A, B, D, E

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10
Q

Which compound(s) is(are) ethers?

A

C

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11
Q

Which compounds are isomers?

A

C and D

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12
Q

Which compound(s) is(are) diols?

A

A

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13
Q

Which compound do you think will be most volatile?

A

C

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14
Q

Which compound would you expect to be the most soluble in water?

A

A

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15
Q

Which compound(s) would form carboxylic acid on refulxing with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A

D

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16
Q

Which compound would not react on refluxing with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A

E

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17
Q

Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (Mr) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why ethanol has a higher boiling point than ethane

A

Ethanol has hydrogen bonds between molecules, ethane does not. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular bond and so more energy is needed to break them to form gas. Therefore the boiling point is higher.

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18
Q

Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (Mr) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why water has a higher boiling point than ethanol

A

Water forms more hydrogen bonds than ethanol so more energy is needed to break all those in water. Therefore the boiling point is higher.

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19
Q

Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (Mr) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethanol

A

Both have an OH group so form hydrogen bonds. Boiling point increases down a homologous series as Mr increases. Hence butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethanol

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20
Q

Below are the boiling points and relative molecular masses (Mr) of a number of substances:

Use ideas about bonds between molecules to explain why butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethoxyethane

A

Butan-1-ol forms hydrogen bonds, ethoxyethane does not. Hence more energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds in butan-1-ol and so the boiling point it higher.

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21
Q

Identify a compound that would give but-1-ene on dehydration

A

butan-1-ol

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22
Q

Write an equation for a dehydration reaction that would form but-1-ene

A
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23
Q

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

A

fizzes

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24
Q

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

A

stays orange

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25
Q

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

A

no reaction

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26
Q

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

A

orange to green

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27
Q

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

A

no reaction

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28
Q

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

A

orange to green

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29
Q

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

A

no reaction

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30
Q

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

A

stays orange

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31
Q

For the compound below what would you see on addition of sodium hydroxide solution?

A

fizzes

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32
Q

For the compound below what would you see on reflux with excess potassium chromate(VII) solution?

A

stays orange

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33
Q

What type of reaction will occur when propan-1-ol is warmed with ethanoic anhydride?

A

esterification

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34
Q

What type of reaction will occur when butan-1-ol is refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

A

oxidation

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35
Q

What type of reaction will occur when butan-2-ol is refluxed with concentrated sulfuric acid?

A

dehydration

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36
Q

What type of reaction will occur when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol is refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

A

no reaction

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37
Q

What type of reaction will occur when butan-1-ol is refluxed with propanoic acid with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid added?

A

esterification

38
Q

What type of reaction will occur when ethanol (in excess) is heated with sodium dichromate(VI) solution, with products distilled out as the reaction proceeds?

39
Q

What type of reaction will occur when butan-2-ol is heated to 300oC over aluminium oxide, Al2O3?

A

dehydration

40
Q

What type of reaction will occur when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol is shaken together with concentrated hydrochloric acid?

A

nucleophilic substitution

41
Q

What type of reaction will occur when butan-2-ol is refluxed with potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

42
Q

What type of product will be formed when propan-1-ol is warmed with ethanoic anhydride?

43
Q

What type of product will be formed when butan-1-ol is refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

A

carboxylic acid

44
Q

What type of product will be formed when butan-2-ol is refluxed with concentrated sulfuric acid?

45
Q

What type of product will be formed when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol refluxed with excess potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

A

no reaction

46
Q

What type of product will be formed when butan-1-ol is refluxed with propanoic acid with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid added?

47
Q

What type of product will be formed when ethanol (in excess) is heated with sodium dichromate(VI) solution, with products distilled out as the reaction proceeds?

48
Q

What type of product will be formed when butan-2-ol is heated to 300oC over aluminium oxide, Al2O3?

49
Q

What type of product will be formed when 2-methyl-propan-2-ol is shaken together with concentrated hydrochloric acid?

A

haloalkane

50
Q

What type of product will be formed when butan-2-ol is refluxed with potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

51
Q

Name the compound below

A

hexan-3-ol

52
Q

Name the compound below:

A

propan-1-ol

53
Q

Name the compound below:

A

2,4 - dichlorophenol

54
Q

Name the compound below:

A

butanoic acid

55
Q

Name the compound below:

A

butan-2-one

56
Q

Name the compound CH3C(CH3)(OH)CH2CH3

A

2-methylpentan-2-ol

57
Q

Name the compound HCOOH

A

methanoic acid

58
Q

From compounds i to vii identify a secondary alcohol

59
Q

From compounds i to vii identify an aldehyde

60
Q

From compounds i to vii identify a phenol

61
Q

From compounds i to vii identify a ketone

62
Q

From compounds i to vii identify an aliphatic alcohol that is not easily oxidised on heating with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)

63
Q

From compounds i to vii identify a molecule that produces a purple colour with neutral aqueous iron(III) chloride

64
Q

From compounds i to vii identify a can be produced by the oxidation of methanol

65
Q

Draw the structure of the organic product when the following reacts with excess NaOH

66
Q

Draw the structure of the organic product when the following reacts with excess NaOH

67
Q

Phenols and carboxylic acids are weak acids and show typical acid properties. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of a phenol and sodium hydroxide

A

C6H5OH + NaOH –> C6H5O-Na+ + H2O

68
Q

Phenols and carboxylic acids are weak acids and show typical acid properties. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of propanoic acid and potassium hydroxide

A

CH3CH2COOH + KOH –> CH3CH2COO-K+ + H2O

69
Q

Phenols and carboxylic acids are weak acids and show typical acid properties. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of butanoic acid and sodium carbonate

A

2CH3CH2CH2COOH + Na2CO3 –> 2CH3CH2CH2COO-Na+ + CO2 + H2O

70
Q

Draw the structure of the ester produced from the following reaction

71
Q

Draw the structure of the ester produced from the following reaction

72
Q

The infrared spectrum of carbon dioxide shows a strong absorption at 2360 cm-1

Calculate the wavelength of radiation absorbed. Give your answer in µm
Then use c = λv to calculate the frequency of the radiation absorbed.

(c = 3.00 x 108 ms-1 1µm = 1 x 10-6 m)

A
  1. 24
  2. 08 x 1013 Hz
73
Q

Below is the infrared spectrum of a phenol.

Identify the key peaks in the spectrum, and the bond to which each corresponds

A

O-H = 3660 m-1
C-H (arene) = 3060 m-1

74
Q

Below are the infrared spectra of butan-2-ol and butan-2-one

Draw structures for butan-2-ol and butan-2-one

A

CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3

75
Q

Below are the infrared spectra of butan-2-ol and butan-2-one

Identify the key peaks in each spectrum, and the bond to which each corresponds. Give your answer in the form of a table

A
  • A
    • O-H = 3660
    • C-H = 2970
  • B
    • C-H = 2990
    • C=O = 1730
76
Q

Below are the infrared spectra of butan-2-ol and butan-2-one

Decide which spectrum represents butan-2-ol and which represents butan-2-one

A

A = butan-2-ol

B = butan-2-one

77
Q

The infrared spectra below represents 3 compounds, C, D, and E. The compounds are an ester, a carboxylic acid, and an alcohol, though not necessarily in that order

Identify the key peaks in each spectrum, and the bond to which each corresponds

A
  • C
    • O-H = 3580
    • C-H = 2990
    • C=O = 1775
    • (C-O = 1050 - 1300)
  • D
    • O-H = 3670
    • C-H = 2950
    • (C-O = 1050 - 1300)
  • E
    • C-H = 2990
    • C=O = 1770
    • (C-O = 1050 - 1300)
78
Q

The infrared spectra below represents 3 compounds, C, D, and E. The compounds are an ester, a carboxylic acid, and an alcohol, though not necessarily in that order

Decide which spectrum represents which type of compound

A

C = carboxylic acid

D = alcohol

E = ester

79
Q

Oil of wintergreen has mild pain-killing properties. Its structure is shown below.

Draw up a table to show the key peaks you would expect to see in the infrared spectrum of oil of wintergreen, and the bond that each absorption corresponds to.

A
  • O-H = 3600-3640 phenol
  • C-H = 2850-2950 aliphatic
  • C=O = 1735-1750 ester
  • C-H = 3000-3100 aromatic
80
Q

Look at the mass spectrum of butan-2-one

Identify the molecular ion peak and write the formula for it

81
Q

From compounds i to vii identify a molecule that gives carbon dioxide with sodium carbonate

82
Q

Look at the mass spectrum of butan-2-one

What causes the peak at m/z = 73?

A

isotope peak for 13C

83
Q

Look at the mass spectrum of butan-2-one

Why are there peaks at m/z values of 27, 29, 43, 57 and 72?

A

the first four peaks are fragments from the molecular ion peak from the molecular ion peak

84
Q

Butan-2-ol has a number of different structural isomers.
How would the mass spectra of these isomers be the same as the mass spectrum for butan-2-ol?

A

same molecular ion peak at 72 m/z

85
Q

Butan-2-ol has a number of different structural isomers.
How would the mass spectra of these isomers differ from the mass spectrum for butan-2-ol?

A

the fragmentation pattern would differ

86
Q

Write a step by step method for recrystallisation, using your practical work as a guide

A

Dissolve the solute in the minimum quantity of hot solvent
Allow to cool and crystallise
Filter off the crystals and wash will small quantity of cold solvent
Dry the crystals

87
Q

What principles could be used to reduce waste products in industrial processes for manufacturing chemicals?

A

Better atom economy
Prevention of waste products
Reduce reagents and steps
Use catalysts and more selective catalysts

88
Q

List three different types of organic reaction and comment on their atom economy

A

addition - atom economy = 100%
substitution - atom economy = <100%
elimination - atom economy = <100%

89
Q

What are the different techniques for determining melting points and give a brief description. What advantages do they have?

A
  • Heated oil bath
    • cheap but messy
    • heated oil smells
  • Heated metal block
    • reasonably cheap
    • robust
    • melting points easily repeated
  • Electrically heated
    • expensive
    • robust
    • melting points very easily repeated
90
Q

From compounds i to vii identify a produces a carboxylic acid on refluxing with excess acidified dichromate(VI)

CHEMISTRY AS (24 decks)

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