Keeping your Body Healthy Flashcards
1
Q
Is it possible to work out too much?
A
Yes. It is possible to overdo it.
2
Q
What can heartburn be a sign of?
A
Eating too much.
3
Q
What should you do keep your digestive system healthy?
A
Eat plenty of fiber Drink plenty of water Get plenty of exercise Cut back on fatty foods
4
Q
What should you do before and after working out?
A
Warm up and cool down
5
Q
How do you keep your heart healthy?
A
Exercise regularly, limit cholesterol, saturated fat, trans fat, and don’t smoke.
6
Q
What does the respiratory system do?
A
Take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
7
Q
How do you keep your respiratory system healthy?
A
Avoid tobacco smoke and air polution, maintain a healthy weight, exercise, and treat asthma appropriately.
8
Q
What is digestion?
A
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into molecules that can be absorbed.
9
Q
Where are most nutrients absorbed?
A
The small intestine
10
Q
What does the large intestine do?
A
Reabsorbs water and eliminates waste.
11
Q
What is effective in controlling many digestive system disorders?
A
Changing your diet and getting regular exercise.
12
Q
What are the three main functions of the digestive system?
A
Digestion, absorption, and elimination
13
Q
What are enzymes?
A
Substances that speed up chemical reactions
14
Q
What are the kinds of digestion?
A
Mechanical and chemical
15
Q
What is mechanical digestion?
A
Physically breaking foods into smaller parts
16
Q
What is chemical digestion?
A
Breaking foods into molecules your
17
Q
What is absorption?
A
A process where nutrients pass through the linings of your digestive system into your blood
18
Q
What are the structures of the digestive system?
A
Mouth Tongue Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Large Intestine Small Intesting Rectum Anus
19
Q
What does saliva do?
A
Moisten bites of food. Begins chemical digestion.
20
Q
What is the pharynx?
A
The upper portion of the throat. Junction between the
21
Q
What is the epiglottis?
A
The flap that seals off the trachea so food and liquid can’t go into the lungs?
22
Q
What is peristalsis?
A
Muscle contractions that push food through the digestive system.
23
Q
How much can the stomach hold?
A
About 1 gallon
24
Q
Where does most mechanical digestion occur?
A
The stomach. Some chemical digestion occurs here, too.
25
What are gastric juices?
Juices which contain, pepsin and enzymes as well as hydrochloric acid. Performs chemical digestion.
26
What protects the stomach?
A layer of mucus.
27
What are proteins digested into in the stomach?
Shorter chains of amino acids.
28
What is the liquid that the stomach produces as a result of digestion?
chyme
29
Where does most chemical digestion occur?
The small intestine.
30
What is the size of the small intestine?
20 feet long, but only 1 inch in diameter
31
What is the role of the liver in the digestive system?
Produces bile which breaks down fat droplets
32
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores bile.
33
What is the pancreas?
A triangular organ which secretes enzymes into the small intestine to complete the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
34
What are vilii?
Tiny, fingerlike projections in the intestine that absorb nutrient molecules. Each one contains tiny blood vessels.
35
What is the size of the large intestine?
5 feet long, 3 inches in diameter.
36
What is the end of the large intestine called?
The rectum.
37
What does the rectum do?
Compresses waste material into feces.
38
Mechanical digestion occurs in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Mouth and stomach
39
Most chemical digestion and absorption takes place in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Small intestine
40
What foods are high in fiber?
Vegetables, fruits, whole grains
41
Why is a lot of fat in the diet bad for you?
Fat digests slowly.
42
Why is regular exercise important for digestion?
Stimulates peristalsis, which prevents constipation.
43
What is appendicitis?
A disorder caused by microorganisms infecting the appendix. Causes pain near the navel, diarrhea, pain, fever. Treatment: surgical removal of the appendix.
44
What is colon cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division leading to a cancerous tumor. Cause: family history, high fat diet, lack of exercise. Treatment: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
45
Heartburn
Acid from the stomach irritates the esophagus. Treatment: over the counter or prescription medication. Rarely, surgery.
46
Hemorrhoids
Aka Eddie. Swollen veins in the anus. Treatment: Over the counter meds, warm bath, surgery.
47
Irritable bowel disease
Abnormal peristalsis leads to bouts of diarrhea and...
48
Lactose intolerance
Lack of the enzyme latase leads to the inability to digest lactose, a sugar in milk.
49
What is a peptic ulcer
Irritation caused by the bacteria H. Pylori. Treated by antibiotics, antacids.
50
What is a peptic ulcer
Irritation caused by the bacteria H. Pylori. Treated by antibiotics, antacids.
51
How many people are affected by foodborne illnesses each year in the US?
75 million
52
How do you avoid foodborne illness
Prepare and store food properly
53
What cause most common foodborne illnesses?
Bacteria and viruses. For example E. coli and salmonella.
54
How are microorganisms typically spread?
When food is undercooked When raw food touches cooked food People preparing foods transferring the microorganisms to utensils, countertops, or their hands.
55
Symptoms of foodborne illness
Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever
56
Precautions to prevent foodborne illnesses
Cook foods thoroughly Refrigerate foods Don't defrost foods at room temperature
57
What can you do to avoid digestive disorders?
Consume plenty of fiber Limit fatty foods Eat moderately
58
When should you seek medical care for foodborne illnesses?
Fever over 101.5F Blood in stool or diarrhea for more than 3 days Prolonged vomiting, or signs of dehydration such as dry mouth and dizziness.
59
What does the skeletal system do?
Supports the body protects internal organs allows the body to move stores and produces materials the body needs
60
How do you keep your skeletal system healthy?
Eating well exercising avoiding injury getting regular medical checkups
61
Did you know that a human body contains enough bones to form a complete skeleton?
hahahaha!
62
What do your bones store?
Phosphorus and calcium
63
Where are red blood cells produced?
In your bones, including your breastbone and thigh bones.
64
How many bones are in the skeleton?
Over 200
65
What is a joint?
A place in your body where 2 or more bones come together
66
What is cartilage?
A tough support tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone.
67
What is a newborn's skeleton mostly made of?
Cartilage
68
What is ossification?
The process where cartilage hardens into bone. Calcium and phosphorus are deposited into the cartilage, turning it into bone.
69
Where is cartilage found in an adult?
The ears, tip of the nose, and covering the ends of some bones, and cushioning some joints.
70
Why are bones strong, but light?
They contain compact bone and spongy bone.
71
What does spongy bone do?
It contains marrow, which produces red blood cells and stores fat.
72
That is a femur?
The thighbone
73
What is the central cavity of a long bone?
A space that contains fat in a long bone.
74
What is compact bone?
Makes up the outer layer of all bones. Looks dense and solid, but is actually full of holes for nerves and blood vessels.
75
What is spongy bone?
Contains fat and needle-like structures which resist stress. May contain red marrow.
76
Do all joints allow motion?
No some don't, such as skull joints.
77
What does a pivot joint do?
Allows side to side motion
78
What does a gliding joint do?
Allows motion in many directions. Wrist and ankle.
79
What does a hinge joint do?
Allows bending and straighteningonly. Knees and elbows.
80
What does a ball and socket joint do?
Allows movements in all directions. Shoulder and hips.
81
What are ligaments?
Strong fibrous bands which hold joints together.
82
What protects the ends of bones?
Cartiage
83
What helps bones grow to their maximum size and strength?
Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus.
84
What is osteoporosis?
A condition where bones become weak and break easily due to mineral loss.
85
How can you decrease your risk of osteoporosis?
Build strong bones with adequate calcium and phosphorus in your youth. Get plenty of weight bearing exercise.
86
What minerals are important to bone health?
Potassium, magnesium, A, C, D
87
What is a simple fracture?
A cracked or broken bone
88
What is a compound fracture?
A fracture where the bone pierces the skin
89
What is a sprain?
An overstretched or torn ligament
90
What is dislocation?
The ends of bones in a joint are forced out of position
91
What is an overuse injury?
A joint beoming inflamed from an activity done too much or too intensely.
92
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
Voluntary contract when you want them to. Involuntary muscles contract without you directing them to, such as your heartbeat.
93
What are smooth muscles?
Involuntary muscles, such as those in your digestive system and blood vessels.
94
What are cardiac mucles?
Involuntary muscles found only in the heart.
95
What are skeletal muscles?
Muscles that attach to your skeleton. They are used for movement.
96
What is muscle tone?
A skeletal muscle always having some fibers under tension, even when the whole muscle is at rest.
97
What is atrophy?
A condition where muscles that cannot contract due to injury or disuse shrink and weaken.
98
What should exercise include to avoid injury?
A warm up and cool down period
99
What is it called when muscle fibers rip?
A torn muscle
100
What is tendonitis?
Painful swelling and irritation in a tendon caused by overuse. Example: tendonitis
101
Treatment for muscle injuries?
Rest, icepacks, possibly surgery
102
How can you prevent injury?
Stretching Vary exercise routine
103
What is a muscle cramp?
A strong, uncontrolled muscle contraction.
104
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
105
What are the jobs of the cardio vascular system?
Delivering materials, removing waste, and fighting disease.
106
What increases the risk of heart attack and stroke?
Hypertension and high blood cholesterol
107
Exercise regularly, eat a nutrient-rich diet, and don't smoke.
108
What is another name for the cariovascular system?
The circulatory system.
109
How does the cardiovascular system remove carbon dioxide from cells?
The carbon dioxide is transported through the blood to the lungs where it is exhaled.
110
How many major loops are there in the cardiovasular system?
What are they?
2.
## Footnote
The first goes from heart to lungs. It takes carbon dioxide to the lungs and returns oxygen to the body.
The second delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body and collects waste.
111
What is an atrium?
The upper chamber of the heart. It receives blood coming into the heart.
112
What is a ventrical?
One of the lower chambers of the heart. It pumps blood to the body.
113
How big is a human heart?
About the size of a fist.
114
What does the right atrium do?
It receives blood flow from the body that is high in CO2 and low in oxygen.
115
What does the right ventricle do?
It pumps oxygen poor blood into the lungs.
116
What does the left atrium do?
Pumps oxygen rich blood from the lungs.
117
What does the left ventricle do?
Pumps oxygen rich blood from the heart.
118
What does the aorta do?
Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body
119
What causes the lub-dub sounds in the heartbeat?
The closing of the valves in the heart.
120
What is the pacemaker?
A small group of cells in the right atrium that receives messages from your brain to increase or decrease the heart rate.
121
What is a typical resting heart rate?
70-80 beats per minute.
122
What are the phases of the heartbeat?
1) Heart relaxes, atria fill with blood
2) Ventricles contract, pumping blood out of the heart.
123
Which side of the heart recieves blood that is low in oxygen?
The right side.
124
How long are all your blood vessels?
Long enough to wrap around the world twice?
125
What are the main types of blood vessels?
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
126
What are arteries?
Blood vessels coming from the heart. They're usually oxygen rich,, with one exception--the one that carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs.
127
What is the aorta?
The largest artery in the body.
It carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
128
Which blood vessels have thick walls?
Arteries
129
What are capillaries?
The smallest blood vessels in the body.
Oxygen and dissolved nutrients dissolve through the walls to the body's cells. Waste diffuses from the cells into the blood.
130
Which blood vessels are involved in temperature regulation?
Capillaries. When you're warm, they expand to allow heat to escape. When you're cold, they contract to keep heat in.
131
What are veins?
Large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
132
What helps move blood through veins?
Skeletal muscle contractions
133
What is blood pressure?
The pressure of blood against the walls of blood vessels?
134
What is the device that measures blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
135
What are the two numbers in blood pressure? What do they mean?
Systolic - the pressure when the ventricles are contracting
Diastolic - the pressure when the ventricles are relaxed.
136
What is the normal range of blood pressure?
90/60 to 119/79
137
What is low blood pressure (measurement?)
Under 90/60.
138
What can cause low blood pressure?
Medication, dehydration, and allergic reaction.
139
What is high blood pressure?
Consistently over 140/90
140
What is plasma?
The liquid part of the blood that holds cells.
141
What are red blood cels?
Cells containing hemoglobin, which transports oxygen
142
What do white blood cells do?
Fight infection
143
What do platelets do?
Help form blood clots
144
What determines blood type?
Proteins on the surface of blood cells.
145
What percentage of people are Rh postive?
85%
146
Why is blood type important?
If a patient is given an incompatible blood type, the blood cells will clump together, which can be fatal.
147
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
Cardiovascular disease
148
