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Health Class ERM > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

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2
Q

What are the jobs of the cardio vascular system?

A

Delivering materials, removing waste, and fighting disease.

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3
Q

What increases the risk of heart attack and stroke?

A

Hypertension and high blood cholesterol

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4
Q

What is another name for the cariovascular system?

A

The circulatory system.

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5
Q

How does the cardiovascular system remove carbon dioxide from cells?

A

The carbon dioxide is transported through the blood to the lungs where it is exhaled.

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6
Q

How many major loops are there in the cardiovasular system?What are they?

A

2.The first goes from heart to lungs. It takes carbon dioxide to the lungs and returns oxygen to the body.The second delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body and collects waste.

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7
Q

What is an atrium?

A

The upper chamber of the heart. It receives blood coming into the heart.

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8
Q

What is a ventrical?

A

One of the lower chambers of the heart. It pumps blood to the body.

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9
Q

How big is a human heart?

A

About the size of a fist.

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10
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

It receives blood flow from the body that is high in CO2 and low in oxygen.

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11
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

It pumps oxygen poor blood into the lungs.

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12
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

Pumps oxygen rich blood from the lungs.

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13
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

Pumps oxygen rich blood from the heart.

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14
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body

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15
Q

What causes the lub-dub sounds in the heartbeat?

A

The closing of the valves in the heart.

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16
Q

What is the pacemaker?

A

A small group of cells in the right atrium that receives messages from your brain to increase or decrease the heart rate.

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17
Q

What is a typical resting heart rate?

A

70-80 beats per minute.

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18
Q

What are the phases of the heartbeat?

A

1) Heart relaxes, atria fill with blood2) Ventricles contract, pumping blood out of the heart.

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19
Q

Which side of the heart recieves blood that is low in oxygen?

A

The right side.

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20
Q

How long are all your blood vessels?

A

Long enough to wrap around the world twice?

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21
Q

What are the main types of blood vessels?

A

ArteriesCapillariesVeins

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22
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels coming from the heart. They’re usually oxygen rich,, with one exception–the one that carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs.

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23
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The largest artery in the body.It carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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24
Q

Which blood vessels have thick walls?

A

Arteries

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25
Q

What are capillaries?

A

The smallest blood vessels in the body.Oxygen and dissolved nutrients dissolve through the walls to the body’s cells. Waste diffuses from the cells into the blood.

26
Q

Which blood vessels are involved in temperature regulation?

A

Capillaries. When you’re warm, they expand to allow heat to escape. When you’re cold, they contract to keep heat in.

27
Q

What are veins?

A

Large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.

28
Q

What helps move blood through veins?

A

Skeletal muscle contractions

29
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The pressure of blood against the walls of blood vessels?

30
Q

What is the device that measures blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer

31
Q

What are the two numbers in blood pressure? What do they mean?

A

Systolic - the pressure when the ventricles are contractingDiastolic - the pressure when the ventricles are relaxed.

32
Q

What is the normal range of blood pressure?

A

90/60 to 119/79

33
Q

What is low blood pressure (measurement?)

A

Under 90/60.

34
Q

What can cause low blood pressure?

A

Medication, dehydration, and allergic reaction.

35
Q

What is high blood pressure?

A

Consistently over 140/90

36
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid part of the blood that holds cells.

37
Q

What are red blood cels?

A

Cells containing hemoglobin, which transports oxygen

38
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Fight infection

39
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Help formblood clots

40
Q

What determines blood type?

A

Proteins on the surface of blood cells.

41
Q

What percentage of people are Rh postive?

A

85%

42
Q

Why is blood type important?

A

If a patient is given an incompatible blood type, the blood cells will clump together, which can be fatal.

43
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

A

Cardiovascular disease

44
Q

What does cholesterol come from?

A

Your body makes it, and you also consume it in animal products.

45
Q

What is LDL

A

Low-Density Lipoproteins. Carry cholesterol to body tissues. Called “bad cholesterol” because it can become a component of plaques.

46
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

A condition where artery walls harden and thicken due to plaque buildup.

47
Q

How do you prevent atherosclerosis?

A

Limit red meat, fried foods, and whole milk products. Eat healthy foods like fruits, veggies, nuts, grains.

48
Q

What are HDLs?

A

High Density Lipoproteins. They pick up excess cholesterol from body tissues and artery walls. Called “good cholesterol” because it cleans your arteries.

49
Q

What happens to excess cholesterol?

A

The liver removes it from the blood and excretes it in bile.

50
Q

What should your LDL level be?

A

<120 mg/dl

51
Q

What should your HDL level be?

A

40 mg/dl or higher

52
Q

Why is atherosclerosis bad?

A

As the artery walls thicken, they are able to carry less blood. This can result in tissues not getting enough oxygen.

53
Q

What is a heart murmur?

A

An extra sound in the heartbeat. Can be a sign of a valve not closing properly, but they often disappear on their own.

54
Q

Opening in the heart wall

A

The hole between the atria not closing before a baby is born. May or may not require surgery to fix it.

55
Q

What is arrhythmia?

A

Irregular heartbeat. Normal from time to time. Can be a sign of a serious problem.

56
Q

What risk factor of cardiovascular disease can you not control?

A

Heredity (a family history of heart disease)

57
Q

How much physical activity should teens get?

A

60 minutes

58
Q

What kinds of foods should you avoid to keep your cholesterol low?

A

Fried of processed food, food made from animal products

59
Q

What effect does salt have on your cardiovascular system?

A

It increases your blood pressure.

60
Q

Why is smoking bad for you?

A

It causes damage to tissues in the cardiovascular system. Smokers are 2-3x more likely to have a heart attack.

61
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

Health Class ERM (12 decks)

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