Kawasaki disease

Question 1

What is the relevant epidemiology of kawaski disease?

Answer 1

Affects 4.5 per 100,000 children under the age of 5 in UK
Admission are doubling
3/4 of admissions are under 5 yrs old.

Question 2

Define kawasaki disease

Answer 2

A medium vessel vasculitis predominantnyl affecting children
Characterised by a five day history of fevers and CRASH symptoms

Question 3

What is the relevant epidemiology of kawasaki disease?

Answer 3

Multifactorial - genetic, infectious trigger, abnormal immune response

Question 4

What are the risk factors for kawasaki disease?

Answer 4

Male
Japanese or Jorean ethnicity
FH

Question 5

What are the key symptoms of kawasaki disease?

Answer 5

5 day history of fevers and
CRASH symptoms (CRASH and BURN)
Conjunctivitis
Rash - non bullous
Adenopathy - cervical unilateral non tender.
Strawberry tongue
Hand and feet - edema, eryhtema and desquamation

Question 6

What are the key investigation for kawasaki disease?

Answer 6

ECG
Echocardiogram - risk of coronary anuerysm
Elevated inflammatory markers - CRP and ESR.

Question 7

What is the emergency management for kawasaki disease?

Answer 7

IV immunoglobulin and high dose aspirin to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary artery aneurysm.

Question 8

What acute maintenance may be needed for Kawasaki disease?

Answer 8

Regular echos for surveillance and coronary aryerty aneurusm
Monitored closely - recovery from acute episode can take several weeks

Question 9

What are some potential complications of kawasaki disease?

Answer 9

Coronary artery aneurysm and rupture
Aspetic meningitis
Arthiritis
Anterior uveitis
Jaundice
Pancarditis
Sudden cardiac death
Myocardial infarction