Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Question 1

Scientific socialism

Answer 1

Scientific socialism refers to a method for understanding and predicting social, economic and material phenomena by examining their historical trends through the use of the scientific method in order to derive probable outcomes and probable future developments.

is een overheidsbeleid dat uitgaat van de rede en gebaseerd zou moeten zijn op de wetenschappelijke methode

Question 2

Division of labour?

Answer 2

Labour is divided in two parts:

Intellectual and manual labor.

This could already be seen in the pre history

Question 3

Labour theory of value

Answer 3

Nature + labour = property

But for is the property? not the labourere himself, he his only a commodity to be traded.

Question 4

What is the problem with the economic progress and competition?

Answer 4

The labourer gets alienated from:

• The product
• Himself
• The productive labour (same repetitive thing to do)
• Of others

This leads to further alination in society

Question 5

Private property

Answer 5

Alienated labour leads to private property -> more aliented labour, because the capitalist can hire more poeple.

In the end not only the worker, but also the non-worker gets alienated

Question 6

What are other consequences of private property

Answer 6

• Fetishism of commodities
• Economisation of lifeworld and thought
• Urbanisation, centralisation and global dependency
• Verelendung ( impovershiment, race to the bottom)

Question 7

Alienated thinking

Answer 7

Marx argues that the thinking of the labourers also got alienated:

Idealism= Chimaera of philosophers
Liberalism= A ideology of the bourgeoisie
Religion= Opium of the people
- False conseciosness= Misleading the working class

” Philophers have only interpreted the world in varous ways, the point is to change it”

Question 8

REVOLUTION

Answer 8

Competition leads to class truglle what leads to a international revolution:

competition > Lower profits > mroe exploitation > discontent, riots > organisation > national civil war > international revolution

This paradox makes a revolution inevitiable, but still it needs to be intiated

Question 9

The communist manifesto

Answer 9

Rise of cimmunism: Abolition of private property, centralisation and nationalisation of agricultual policy and free education, aboliton of the bourgeois family, religion