John Stuart Mill

Question 1

What are keypoints of utilitarism?

Answer 1

• Individual with preferences
• Greatest happines of the greatest number
• Uniformity
• Centralization

Question 2

What are keypoints of Liberalism?

Answer 2

• Indivual with rights
• Primacy of the private
• Diversity
• Decentralization

Question 3

Benthams two sovereign masters:

Answer 3

Pain and pleasure

Question 4

Greatest happiness principle

Answer 4

Greatest happiness principle = existence as far as possible from pain, and as rich as possible in enjoyment.

Mill argued that enjoyment should not only be in high quantity but also in quality.

• “Its bette better to be dissatisfied as a human than as a pig.
• Utility in the largest sebse is the ultimate appeal on all ethical questions

Question 5

Liberalism

Answer 5

Pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs or impede their efforts to obtain it

Humans are aimed at seld-development -> individuality

Question 6

why is freedom of speech and thought needed?

Answer 6

• To hear the truth
• Show partial truth in error
• Keep reasons of truths clear
• Keep trurth itself alive

All silencing of discussion is an assumption of infallibility > against paternalism

Question 7

Freedom of conduct and lifestyle

Answer 7

• Indivuduality (Self-development, spontaneity)
• Autonomy ( adults should lead their own life)
  ~ Versus bureaucratic depotism
  ~ Versus Conformism (both
  religous and societal)

Question 8

The Harm principle

Answer 8

An expression of the idea that the right to self-determination is not unlimited. An action which results in doing harm to another is not only wrong, but wrong enough that the state can intervene to prevent that harm from occurring.

What is an example of the harm principle?
For example, a government cannot make its citizens use a potential life-saving cancer treatment because no one else is harmed by a person’s decision to refuse this treatment. But a government can rightfully demand that its citizens be vaccinated in a pandemic in order to prevent the spread of a deadly virus to others.

Question 9

critique points harm principle

Answer 9

• What is harm, only physical and finacial, or also emotional, psychological or moral?
• Are there ant “victimless crimes” public drunkenness, homeless.
• Whose harm counts, equally, human beingsm animals.
• Does liberty have the positive effects mill predicts?