Kaplan Ch 1: The Cell Flashcards
Basic tenets of cell theory
- All living things are composed of cells
- The cell is the basic functional unit of life
- Cells arise only from preexisting cells
- Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA and this is the material passed on from parent to daughter cells
Eukaryotic cells
contain a true nucleus enclosed in a membrane and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells
do not have a membrane bound nucleus
nucleolus
place where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized
Mitochondria
generate ATP
contain their own genes
replicate independently of the nucleus via binary fission
capable of initiating apoptosis vie release of enzymes from the ETC
lysosomes
break down substrates via hydrolytic enzymes
release of these enzymes causes apoptosis via autolysis
Endosomes
transport, package, and sort cell material to and from the membrane and the trans-golgi or the lysosomal membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
contiguous with the nuclear envelope
smooth ER: lipid synthesis and detoxification of certain drugs and poisons. transports proteins from the RER to the golgi
rough ER: protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
proteins are modified by the addition of various groups when they are brought here from the ER via vesicles
peroxisomes
contain hydrogen peroxide
break down long chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation
synthesis of phospholipids
microfilaments
made of actin
move muscles by interacting with myosin
forms the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis
microtubules
hollow polymers of tubulin
allow motor proteins to move through the cell
compose cilia and flagella
centrioles
organizing centers for microtubules
intermediate filaments
involved in cell-cell adhesion and maintenance of overall integrity of the cytoskeleton. help anchor organelles, including the nucleus
