Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Biology > Hormones and their actions > Flashcards

Hormones and their actions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)

A

adrenal cortex

steroid

increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Endorphins

A

Anterior Pituitary

Peptide

decrease sensation of pain throughout the body, can promote euphoria

do this by interacting with opiod receptors in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Estrogen

A

Ovary (and placenta)

steroid

develops and maintains the female reproductive system and female secondary sex characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Thymosin

A

thymus

peptide

stimulates T-cell development in the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Insulin

A

Pancreas (beta cells)

peptide

lowers blood glucose concentrations and increases anabolic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Source, Type, and Action

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

amino-acid derivative

increase blood glucose oncentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Source, Type, and Action

melatonin

A

pineal gland

peptide

involved in circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Source, Type, and Action

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

hearth (atria)

peptide

promotes salt and water excretion in the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Source, Type, and Action

antidiuretic hormine (ADH or vasopressin)

A

made in the hypothalamus, stored and released from the posterior pituitary

peptide

stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing the permeability of collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Oxytocin

A

made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary

peptide

stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Source, Type, and Action

calcitonin

A

parafollicular or C-cells of the thyroid

peptide

decreases blood calcium concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Growth hormone (GH)

A

anterior pituitary

peptide

stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels by stimulatin breakdown of fatty acids and preventing glucose uptake in certain tissues that are not growing

does this by stimulating the liver to secrete insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and the two work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

anterior pituitary

peptide

stimulates the thyroid to produce T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Source, Type, Action, inhibited by

Prolactin

A

anterior pituitary

peptide

stimulates milk production and secretion from the mammary glands

inhibited by dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Glucagon

A

pancreas (alpha cells)

peptide

stimulates glycogen breakdown (glyconeogenesis); increases blood glucose concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Source, Type, and Action

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

parathyroid

peptide

increase blood calcium concentrations

17
Q

Source, Type, and Action

testosterone

A

testis (and adrenal cortex)

steroid

develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics

18
Q

Source, Type, acts upon, and action

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Anterior Pituitary

Peptide

Acts on Gonads

Stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males

19
Q

Source, Type, and Action

progesterone

A

ovary (and placenta)

steroid

promotes maintenance of the endometrium

20
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Somatostatin

A

pancreas (sigma cells)

peptide

supresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

21
Q

Source, Type, and Action

erythropoietin

A

kidney

peptide

stimultes bone marrow to produc erythrocytes

22
Q

Source, Type, acts upon and Action

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Anterior Pituitary

Peptide

Acts on gonads

stimulates follicle maturation in females, spermatogenesis in males

23
Q

Source, Type, and Action

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A

adrenal cortex

steroid

increase water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing Na reabsorption; promote K and H ion excretion

24
Q

Source, Type, and Action

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

A

follicular cells of the thyroid, stim by TSH from anterior pituitary

amino-acid derivative, acts like steroid

stimulates metabolic activity

MCAT Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions