Kantian Deontology

Question 1

What was the aim of Kant in his ethical theory?

Answer 1

To create a moral principle/system that doesn’t need G-d as its foundation

Question 2

What is Kant’s definition freedom?

Answer 2

In order to be free, humans must follow reason (autonomus) and not their inclination (heteronomus). By choosing to submit ourselves to a law we are exercising our freedom (this law is reason)

Question 3

What are the types of imperatives and their features?

Answer 3

Categorical imperative - This is not based on a goal but is a duty and derived from practical reason:
- Unconditional
- Moral
- Free
Hypothetical imperative - This is a command that is based on reaching a certain outcome you desire:
- Conditional
- Immoral
- Not free

Question 4

What are the three formulations?

Answer 4

• The formula of the law of nature: act as if the principle of your action was to become through your will a universal law
• The formula of the end in itself: act in such a way where you treat humanity as a rational being (ends in themselves but not means)
• The formula of the kingdom of ends: act as if you were through your principles a law making member of a kingdom of ends

Question 5

What are the strengths and limits of Kantian deontology?

Answer 5

Strengths:
- It provides absolute standards which are non-subjective
- It is straight forward and clear as it is only based on reason
- It values all humans as equal (strong foundation for HR)
Limits:
- Difficult to apply as Kant gives no explanation on what to do
- There is no indication on what to do when duties conflict
- Kant’s conception of humans as ends is unclear and vague