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2.1 Contemporary urban environments > JUST CASE STUDIES > Flashcards

JUST CASE STUDIES Flashcards

1
Q

Patterns of urbanisation

A

Us most urban at 82%

China, India, Nigeria will account for 37% of urbanisation by 2050

There will be 14 more megacities

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2
Q

Dormitory village

A

Dickens heath - population 4,000 the house prices are £50k more than shirley and like a ghost town during the day

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3
Q

LDDC decline

A

Declined in 1970’s due to shipping containers being too large to fit

30,000 jobs
20% homes
20% population decline
36% unskilled
<40% 16 year olds in school
1,0000 hectares derelict land

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4
Q

LDDC resurgence

A

£380 million invested to improve economic, social and environmental

63,000 jobs - enterprise zone
20,000 new homes
£30 million spent on older generation
East London university
Jubilee line extension
600 hectares reclaimed

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5
Q

Hulme deline

A

Declined in 1960’s due to the textile industry

60% on benefits
95% council owned
Horrible deck access flats
30x more likely to be murdered here than elsewhere in Manchester
High rates of unemployment, youth crime, homeless, single parents etc

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6
Q

Hulme resurgence

A

£37.5 million invested

3,000 new homes
Zion arts centre
Moss side sports
ASDA
Parks and recreational space

£1.3 million on Hulme arch

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7
Q

London world city

A
  1. Parliament
  2. UKTI
  3. Own financial headquarters like Royal Mail
  4. 1/3 of UK GDP
  5. Head of BBC
  6. Cultural events like olympics and higher education
  7. The shard
  8. The tube (11 lines)
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8
Q

Jewellery quarter

A

In the 1900’s it employed over 20,000 people but declined during the blitz bombing and de-industrialisation

  • 30 cafes and restaurants
  • Industrial buildings into apartments
  • Tourism, nightlife, diversity, vibrancy
  • 700 jewellers, 40% of all UK jewellery
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9
Q

Exeter

A

70 retail and cafe units
Underground tunnels
Christmas and art markets
100 offices and apartments

170,000 overseas visitors a year

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10
Q

Notting Hill

A

Home to race riots, now houses cost over £2 million

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11
Q

Liverpool £1 house

A

2005, sold 20 houses for £1 , on condition you renovated and lived in it for 5 years

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12
Q

Right to buy scheme

A

Sold council houses to people that had been living in them for 3 years minimum at discounts up to £110,000

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13
Q

How many gated communities are in the UK

A

1000

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14
Q

Edge city

A

LA - Surrounded by 20 cities with a population 4.5 times higher than the city core

Compton skid row is notoriously dangerous yet $19 billion has been put into downtown LA

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15
Q

Urban social exclusion

A

2011 Tottenham riots , Mark Duggan unlawfully shot by police, spread across the UK

5 dead
4,000 arrests
£200 million in damages

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16
Q

How many people at English Martyrs need English lessons

A

83%

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17
Q

What is a solution to anti racism

A

The equal rights act of 1968

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18
Q

London living wage

A

In 2005, they enforced a living wage to £9.75 which lifted 10,000 out of poverty

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19
Q

Transport in HIC’s

A

The M25 is 117 miles long and used by 200,000 cars a day

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20
Q

Transport in LIC’s

A

Rio sky high transport
- 6 hilltops
- 12,000 people per day
- free day pass

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21
Q

How many people live in slums globally

A

900 million

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22
Q

Caracas superblocks

A

97 blocks, 15 storeys high, aimed to rehouse 180,000 people

23
Q

Brasilia

A

Became capital in 1960, population 4 million

24
Q

Self help schemes

A

After 5 years, 97% of families in Manila have improved their homes

25
Q

How much does urban waste increase each year

A

7%

26
Q

How much can waste cost in LIC’s

A

50%

27
Q

Waste NGO’s

A

Sunny money
Pee poo plan

28
Q

Smokey mountain

A

2 million tonnes of waste mountain
- 7000 families
-80% rely on scavenging and $2 a day

29
Q

How much energy does it save to recycle aluminium

A

90%

30
Q

Guiyu China

A

100 truckloads of E-waste per day with over 6000 workers

31
Q

Tysley incinerator

A

350,000 tonnes a year
41,000 homes
Tarmac

32
Q

Semauku landfill

A

Filled in 1995, connects 2 islands via impermeable membrane

33
Q

Beacon hill landfill

A

200,000m^3 of waste per year
90% full, could be full in 2 years
-Heathland and grassland habitat

34
Q

How much warmer is London than surrounding areas

A

10 degrees

35
Q

By how much can cool surfaces and green roofs cool temperature

A

cool surfaces - reflect 80%
green roofs - 4 degrees

36
Q

Burj Khalifa

A

830m tall, prevailing wind direction, softened edges

37
Q

London Smog

A

1952, a 4 day smog due to inversion layer and anti-cyclone

12,000 deaths
100,000 respiratory issues

1956 clean air act - 50% of UK houses are now in smoke free zones

38
Q

Blackpool SUD’s

A

Green roofs
Water butts
Permeable paving
270m water pond

39
Q

LA river

A

Concreted in 1930 as 100,000 people were at risk of flooding

51 miles was concreted

40
Q

Cheonggyecheon issues

A

Freeway over river (effected water balance and over 100,000 businesses)

41
Q

Cheonggyecheon aims

A

Aimed to turn 5.8km of the river into an eco sensitive green corridor
- 22 bridges
- dismantled freeway
-Split into 3 zones - with waterfall an borrowed water

42
Q

Cheonggyecheon results

A

Land price increased 50% and major tourism increase

Business has increased and there are less respiratory issues. Included BRT to make up for highway

Reduced PM by 35%, while also protecting from urban heat island

43
Q

Dhaka pollution

A

7,000 brick kilns - 40% of pollution
90% are 2 stroke rickshaws

44
Q

Dhaka pollution solution

A

Destroy 50% of brick kilns
2 stroke into 4 stroke - envirofit
Zoning of industry

45
Q

London pollution

A

99% in unsafe zones
4,000 deaths a year
1952 smog

46
Q

London pollution solution

A

2002 sustainability comision
-congestion charge (£15)
- Boris bikes
- Transport
- Green buildings

47
Q

Varanasi pollution

A

Biologically dead
-33 points of open sewage
-8500 times above the safe level of faeces in water
- 150 bodies burnt a day

48
Q

Varanasi solution

A

Low impact development and education - the government have made it top priority but they are not targeting the source

49
Q

London water pollution and solution

A

In 1950’s the Thames was classed as biologically dead due to overflowing sewers

  1. Legislation - £20 million was fined in 2017
  2. Thames tideway tunnel is 25km long and cost £4.2 billion to bring water to a wastewater treatment plant
50
Q

Detroit pollution and solution

A

1/3 of buildings are derelict

In 2010, 7 hectares of land was converted in 40 community farms

51
Q

London soil pollution and solution

A

In 2012, 2 million tonnes of soil needed to be contaminated and 80% was successfully done so

52
Q

Why is it important to have sustainable cities

A

Cities use up 75% of all resources.
London’s eco footprint is twice the size of the UK

53
Q

Amsterdam qualities

A

Financial centre - Just eat
Independent business
High wages, low unemployment

only 2% work over 40 hours
250 miles of cycle lanes, 1 million fewer sick days

100 channels of wastewater cleaned
Carbon neutral by 2025

50% of wages are taxed
Citizens dialogue project

2.1 Contemporary urban environments (12 decks)

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