1.3 New urban landscapes Flashcards
What are the 6 new urban landscapes
Cultural heritage quarters
Town centre mixed development
Gentrified areas
Fortress landscapes
Edge cities
Post modern western cities
What is a cultural heritage quarter
An area with the presence of cultural activity, consumption, manufacturing and history
Why are cultural heritage quarters developed and what are their characteristics
They were designed to redevelop areas while stile maintaining history and culture
- Somewhere that has suffered decline
- Somewhere with culture
Give an example of a cultural heritage quarter that has been redeveloped with case specific detail
The Jewellery quarter
In the early 1900’s it employed over 20,000 people but declined and was bombed in the blitz so it has been redeveloped
- Home to over 700 jewellers (40% of all in the UK)
- Added over 30 cafes, restaurants etc
- Converted old industrial units into apartments
- Gentrification has brought tourists, nightlife, diversity and vibrance
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Birmingham Jewellery quarter
- New population allows old business to thrive and even new business
- Area has kept its heritage
- Some say the area has become gentrified which has created hostility
What is town centre mixed development
Urban areas which encourage the development of FUNCTIONS in towns through integrating them into the local the society, to improve community wellbeing and combat decentralisation.
What are the characteristics of a town centre mixed development
- Leisure facilities (resaurants, theatres etc)
- Flagship attractions and cultural events
- Nightlife
- Outdoor space and street entertainment
- New offices and apartments to encourage business
Give an example of an area which has undergone town centre mixed development and some characteristics
Exeter
1. 70 new retail and cafe units
2. Underground medieval passages (tourism)
3. Hosts a Christmas market and art shows every year
4. 120 new apartments and offices
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Exeter town centre mixed development
Every year Exeter has over 170,000 overseas visitors
Community moral has significantly improved
Has made the town more accessible for all
What is gentrification
The buying and renovating of properties in run down areas with the idea to rent or resell
What are the 3 reasons that gentrification happens
- Rent profit - (buy for cheap)
- Pioneer image - (trendy areas)
- Government support - (small scale regeneration)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of gentrification
- Better physical environment, with a higher tax income
- New services and business, increased employment
- People out priced of area, causing economic and social segregation - Notting Hill used to be the home of race riots and now average prices are £2 million
- Loss of old businesses
Give 2 examples of schemes used to tackle gentrification
The Liverpool £1 house
The right to buy scheme
Explain the Liverpool £1 house
In 2003, Liverpool sold 20 houses for £1 under the guarantee that people renovated it and lived in it for 5 years, bringing the area with all the positives and none of the negatives of gentrification
Explain the Right to buy scheme
In the UK, if you had lived in a council house for over 3 years, you could buy it from the government for at major discounts up to £80,000
What is a fortress landscape
Landscapes designed around security and exclusion
What are some methods of fortress landscaping (Fortress LA)
Simple include - CCTV, Mosquito alarms, fences, anti-homeless benches
Architectural include - Gated communities (1000 in the UK), building homes with large windows, Towers
What is an edge city
Self contained settlements which have emerged from the city boundary and have become cities in their own right (result of urban sprawl)
What are the characteristics of an edge city
- Lack a clear structure
- Major roads and transport
- Major shops and amenities (no need to return to CBD)
- Social segregation
Give an example of an edge city with case specific detail
LA or the LDDC
LA is surrounded by 20 edge cities which contain a population 4.5 x more than the core
Skid row in Compton LA is notoriously dangerous, and despite redevelopment plans there is definitely segregation between here and Hollywood
What is a post modern western city
Post modern western cities describe the changes that took place in the 20th century western society
They are defined by the mixing of art styles and architecture
What are the characteristics of a post modern western city
- Eclectic architecture
- Flagship elements - Guggenheim museum in Bilbao Spain, opened in 1997 to transform steel work industry
- Ethnic diversity (and inequality)
