june 1 Flashcards
how to diagnose thalassaemia
High performance liquid chromotography
what is HBH disease?
- what thalssaemia
- what casues increased HBH
-buzzword
- only one alpha gene
- alph athalassaemia
- betas form tetramer
- golf ball cells - red cells inclusion bodies
skull xray that looks like it has hair on it
beta thalassaemia and sickle cell
causes of non megaloblastic macrocytosis
pregnancy
alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroid
marrow failure eg myelodysplasia
management of beta-thalassaemia and target
reguar tranfusion to mainain 95-105 and iron chelatin gtherpay to prevent iron overload
what is produced form the liver in chronic disease that causes anaemia
hepcidin - increased in inflam and dow regs iron absorption
why do you need heparin cover when starting warfarin
takes several dasy to reach therapeutic levels of warfarin- protein c and s drop first so increased clotting risk
name the anticoagulant that turn off clotting cascade
antithrombin
protein s and C
gold standard to monitor cardiac output
thermodilaution with pulmonary arteyr catheter
what is needed for the absorption of vitamin K
bile
how is haemophilia inherited
x-linked (men only)
most common haemophilia
haemophilia A factor VIII
what is rasied in anti-phophilipid Pt or APTT
APTT
side effects of heparin
bleeding
thrombocytopenia - see below
osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures
hyperkalaemia - this is thought to be caused by inhibition of aldosterone secretion
name examples of LMWH
daltaparin, enoxaparin, tinzaparin
examples of DOAC
dabigatran
apixaban
rivaroxaban
edoxaban
what are lymphocyte cells
t cells
b cells
nk cells
hearing tests for newborn and school aged kids
newborn - otoacoustic
school - pure tone audiometry
how long for sinusitis before giving abx
10 days
investigation of cluster headache
MRI with contrast
what anti-epileptic makes absence seizures worse
carbamazapine
how to differentiate from spider naevi and telangectasia
naevi fill from centre
telangectasia form sides
most common cause of viral meningitis in adults - type of virus and examples
enterovirus eg coxsackie , echovirus
what glaucoma meds increase uveosacral outflow
pilocarpine (muscarinic receptor ago) and lantanoprost (prosta)
diagnosis of acute cholecystis if USS NOT CLEAR
HIDA SCAN
yx of delirium in parkinsons patient
quitiepine or clozapine
or lorazepam
most common cause of neutropenic sepsis
Staphylococcus epidermidis - lotd of indwelling lines
Management of CML and mechanism of action
Imatinib- tyrosine kinase inhibitor
risk factors for hodgkins
HIV and EBV
what blood markers are raised in hodkinns
eosiniphilia - due to increased IL-5
LDH
buzz word for hodgkins what are they
reed sternberg - owl eyes - bi or multi lobed with eosinic inclusions
what should always be eamined in a man with RIF pain
scrotum
t wave inversion V1-3 inherited disease
ARVD
