friday 19th Flashcards
horizontal diplopia
CN VI palsy
verticel diplopia
CN Iv palsy
most common cause of viral meningitis
enterovirus
what is guttate psoriasis triggered by
strep pyogenes infection
first line mangement of psoriasis
a potent steroid applied once daily plus vitamin D analogue applied once daily - one in mornign one at night
tx of rosacea with flushing
topical brimonidine
tx of rosacea with predom pustules
topicla ivermectin
first line tx for acne
topical tx. eg topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide)
what antibiotics are used in acne anf for how long
oral tetracycline eg lymecyclin, oxycyclin max 3 months
what should be co-prescribed alongisde abx in acne
topical benxoyl or retinoid
first line investigation of acute closed angle glaucoma
tonometry
definitive mangement of acute closed angle glaucome
laser peripheral iridotomy
features of acute closed angle glaucome
halos around light
pain
decreased visual acuity
fixed non reactive pupil
most common cause of blindness in Uk
ARMD
most common type of ARMD
dry
what are wet and dry ARMD characterised by
dry - drusen
wet - neovascularisation
drusen on fundoscopy
DRY ARMD
treatment of wet and dry ARMD
dry - zinc with anti-oxidant vitamins A,C and E
wet - VEGF
symptoms of anterior uveitis
acute discomfort & pain (may increase with use)
pupil may be small +/- irregular
photophobia
blurred vision
red eye
lacrimation
ciliary flush: a ring of red spreading outwards
hypopyon
what is argyll robinson pupil
Accomodatin reflex present but pupillary light reflex absent
features of cataracts
gradual onset of reduced vision, faded colour, glare and halos
no red light reflex in old person
cataracts
what is seen on fundoscopy in central retinal vein occlusion vs branch
widespread stormy sunset branch is smaller area
bacterial vs viral corneal ulcer
viral - dendritic uler
bacterial - ciruclar
cause of bacterial ulcer in contatc lense wearere
acanthomoeba keratitis
pathophysioloyg of diabetic retinopathy
Hyperglycaemia cause increased retinal blood flow and precipitates damage to endothelial cells
Endothelial dysfunction leads to increased vascular permeability which causes t exudates . Pericyte dysfunction predisposes to the formation of microaneurysms. Neovasculization is thought to be caused by the production of growth factors in response to retinal ischaemia
key feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
neovascularisation
features of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
hard exudate
cotton wool spots
microaneurysm
blot haemorrhages
type of diabetic retinopathy
1- non preolif
2. proliferative
3. maculopathy
tx of prolif diabetic retinopathy
pan retinal laser coaguloathy
intravitreal VEGF
differentiating episclertis from scleritis
both red
Scleritis painful
episcleritis vessles move when pressed
what drops can be used to differentiate between episcleritis and scleritis
phenylephrine drops
treatment of Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
oral antiviral for 7-10 days
tx of bacterial comjunctivitis
topical chloramphenicol
typical cause of bacterial keratitis and cause in contact lense wearers
staph aurus
pseudamonus in contact wearers
features of keratitis
red eye
pain
photophobia
foreign body sensation
hypopyon
management of keratitis
stop using contact lens
topical antibiotics- quinolones
pain relief - cyclopentolate
what to do if blood in ant chamber
uregent referral
risk factors for retinal detachment
short sightedness
diabetes
age
trauma
mangement of open angel glaucoma
1 - 360 degreen laser trabeculoplasty if >24 mmhg
2- prostaglandin analigue
3 - either bblocker, carbonic anhydrase, sympathomimetic
casues of sudden painless visual loss
vascular.ischaemia
retinal detachment
vitrial detachment
anterior ischamic optic disc )GCA)
