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passmed notes > friday 19th > Flashcards

friday 19th Flashcards

1
Q

horizontal diplopia

A

CN VI palsy

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2
Q

verticel diplopia

A

CN Iv palsy

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3
Q

most common cause of viral meningitis

A

enterovirus

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4
Q

what is guttate psoriasis triggered by

A

strep pyogenes infection

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5
Q

first line mangement of psoriasis

A

a potent steroid applied once daily plus vitamin D analogue applied once daily - one in mornign one at night

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6
Q

tx of rosacea with flushing

A

topical brimonidine

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7
Q

tx of rosacea with predom pustules

A

topicla ivermectin

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8
Q

first line tx for acne

A

topical tx. eg topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide)

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9
Q

what antibiotics are used in acne anf for how long

A

oral tetracycline eg lymecyclin, oxycyclin max 3 months

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10
Q

what should be co-prescribed alongisde abx in acne

A

topical benxoyl or retinoid

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11
Q

first line investigation of acute closed angle glaucoma

A

tonometry

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12
Q

definitive mangement of acute closed angle glaucome

A

laser peripheral iridotomy

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13
Q

features of acute closed angle glaucome

A

halos around light
pain
decreased visual acuity
fixed non reactive pupil

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14
Q

most common cause of blindness in Uk

A

ARMD

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15
Q

most common type of ARMD

A

dry

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16
Q

what are wet and dry ARMD characterised by

A

dry - drusen
wet - neovascularisation

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17
Q

drusen on fundoscopy

A

DRY ARMD

18
Q

treatment of wet and dry ARMD

A

dry - zinc with anti-oxidant vitamins A,C and E
wet - VEGF

19
Q

symptoms of anterior uveitis

A

acute discomfort & pain (may increase with use)
pupil may be small +/- irregular
photophobia
blurred vision
red eye
lacrimation
ciliary flush: a ring of red spreading outwards
hypopyon

20
Q

what is argyll robinson pupil

A

Accomodatin reflex present but pupillary light reflex absent

21
Q

features of cataracts

A

gradual onset of reduced vision, faded colour, glare and halos

22
Q

no red light reflex in old person

A

cataracts

23
Q

what is seen on fundoscopy in central retinal vein occlusion vs branch

A

widespread stormy sunset branch is smaller area

24
Q

bacterial vs viral corneal ulcer

A

viral - dendritic uler
bacterial - ciruclar

25
Q

cause of bacterial ulcer in contatc lense wearere

A

acanthomoeba keratitis

26
Q

pathophysioloyg of diabetic retinopathy

A

Hyperglycaemia cause increased retinal blood flow and precipitates damage to endothelial cells

Endothelial dysfunction leads to increased vascular permeability which causes t exudates . Pericyte dysfunction predisposes to the formation of microaneurysms. Neovasculization is thought to be caused by the production of growth factors in response to retinal ischaemia

27
Q

key feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

neovascularisation

28
Q

features of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

hard exudate
cotton wool spots
microaneurysm
blot haemorrhages

29
Q

type of diabetic retinopathy

A

1- non preolif
2. proliferative
3. maculopathy

30
Q

tx of prolif diabetic retinopathy

A

pan retinal laser coaguloathy
intravitreal VEGF

31
Q

differentiating episclertis from scleritis

A

both red
Scleritis painful
episcleritis vessles move when pressed

32
Q

what drops can be used to differentiate between episcleritis and scleritis

A

phenylephrine drops

33
Q

treatment of Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

oral antiviral for 7-10 days

34
Q

tx of bacterial comjunctivitis

A

topical chloramphenicol

35
Q

typical cause of bacterial keratitis and cause in contact lense wearers

A

staph aurus
pseudamonus in contact wearers

36
Q

features of keratitis

A

red eye
pain
photophobia
foreign body sensation
hypopyon

37
Q

management of keratitis

A

stop using contact lens
topical antibiotics- quinolones
pain relief - cyclopentolate

38
Q

what to do if blood in ant chamber

A

uregent referral

39
Q

risk factors for retinal detachment

A

short sightedness
diabetes
age
trauma

40
Q

mangement of open angel glaucoma

A

1 - 360 degreen laser trabeculoplasty if >24 mmhg
2- prostaglandin analigue
3 - either bblocker, carbonic anhydrase, sympathomimetic

41
Q

casues of sudden painless visual loss

A

vascular.ischaemia
retinal detachment
vitrial detachment
anterior ischamic optic disc )GCA)

passmed notes (18 decks)

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