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Connor Harrison's History Notes, Flashcards for Ancient Roman History > Julio-Claudian Dynasty > Flashcards

Julio-Claudian Dynasty Flashcards

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1
Q

How long did the Julio-Claudian Dynasty last?

A

27 B.C.-68 A.D.

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2
Q

Where and when was Octavian born?

A

Born in 63 B.C. in Rome

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3
Q

Who were Octavian’s biological parents?

A

Gaius Octavius and Atia

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4
Q

What three feats allowed Augustus to celebrate a triple triumph in 29 B.C.?

A

The conquest of Illyricum, the victory

at Actium, and the annexation of Egypt

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5
Q

Which senator proposed the name “Augustus” for Octavian in 27 B.C., marking the beginning of the empire?

A

Munatius Plancus

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6
Q

In what year was the empire founded?

A

27 B.C.

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7
Q

What powers did Augustus gain with his new title?

A

The power of tribunicia potestas and maius proconsulare imperium

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8
Q

Who established the Principate?

A

Augustus

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9
Q

What does princeps senatus / princeps civitatis mean?

A

first amongst the senators/ first amongst the citizens

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10
Q

In what year did Octavian annex Egypt?

A

29 B.C.

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11
Q

Who annexed Egypt in 29 B.C.?

A

Octavian

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12
Q

Whose death (13 B.C.) led Augustus to become pontifex maximus in 12 B.C.?

A

Lepidus (the former triumvir)

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13
Q

Who was bestowed the title “pater patriae” (father of the fatherland) by the senate in 2 B.C.?

A

Augustus

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14
Q

In what year did Augustus earn the title “pater patriae”?

A

2 B.C.

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15
Q

From what years did Marcus Agrippa campaign in Spain?

A

26 B.C. to 19 B.C.

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16
Q

Campaigning along the Danube, what set of brothers helped to defeat the Pannonian and Illyrian Bato (there were two of them) and Maroboduus of the Marcomanni?

A

Tiberius and Drusus the Elder

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17
Q

What revolt occurred in 23 B.C.?

A

Revolt of Caepio & Murena

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18
Q

When and how did Tiberius’s brother, Drusus the Elder, die?

A

Drusus the Elder fell off his horse and died in 9 B.C

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19
Q

What debacle for the Romans occurred in 9 A.D.?

A

Teutoberg Forest

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20
Q

How many legions were lost at Teutoberg Forest?

A

3 legions

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21
Q

Who was the commander at Teutoberg Forest?

A

Quinctilius Varus

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22
Q

Who defeated the Romans at Teutoberg Forest?

A

Arminius (Herman the German) of the Cherusci

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23
Q

Who was given command in Germany in 12 A.D.?

A

Germanicus was given “chief command” in 12 A.D. (he primarily, and maybe Tiberius made retaliatory raids into Germany)

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24
Q

Who established the praetorian guard?

A

Augustus

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25
Q

Whose private fire-brigade inspired Augustus to establish a praefectus vigilum
with 3500 firemen, in 26 B.C.?

A

Egnatius Rufus, an ambitious aedile

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26
Q

What office did Augustus make to help with grain supply and distribution?

A

praefectus annonae, in charge of the grain supply

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27
Q

Who was the first to hold the office of praefectus annonae, instructor of the grain supply?

A

Gaius Turranius, a governor of Egypt

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28
Q

What famous quote did Augustus say when reflecting on his reign as empire?

A

“I found Rome a city of brick, left it a city of Marble”

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29
Q

What forum did Augustus build?

A

the Forum of Augustus

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30
Q

A temple to whom was in the Forum of Augustus?

A

Had Temple to Mars Ultor

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31
Q

Who– former commander under Augustus at Actium– is credited with building the first PERMANENT amphitheater?

A

T. Statilius Taurus

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32
Q

What four major constructions did Marcus Agrippa build?

A

Pantheon, Baths of Agrippa, Aqua Virgo, and Aqua Julia

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33
Q

How many different wives did Augustus have over the course of his life?

A

Three

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34
Q

What are the names of Augustus’s wives?

A

– Claudia, Scribonia (2nd), with whom he had Julia,

and then Livia (3rd), mother of Tiberius (but not by Augustus)

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35
Q

Who is the mother of Julia?

A

Scribonia

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36
Q

Who is the mother of Tiberius?

A

Livia

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37
Q

Believing death was near, in 23 B.C., who did Augustus give his signet ring to?

A

Agrippa

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38
Q

To whom did Augustus originally betroth and marry Julia to?

A

C. Claudius Marcellus (famous for the theater) – Marcellus died shortly thereafter

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39
Q

How many kids did Agrippa and Julia have together?

A

Five kids

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40
Q

Where was Julia exiled to?

A

Pandeteria

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41
Q

Who where the five kids of Agrippa and Julia?

A

Lucius Caesar, Gaius Caesar, Agrippina the Elder, Julia the Younger, Agrippa Postumus

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42
Q

Lucius Caesar and Gaius Caesar (sons of Agrippa and Julia) were adopted by Augustus but died in what years?

A

2 A.D. and 4 A.D.

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43
Q

Which two brothers (sons of Agrippa and Julia) did Augustus adopt, only to see them die in 2 A.D. and 4 A.D.?

A

Lucius Caesar and Gaius Caesar

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44
Q

Where was Agrippa Postumus (son of Agrippa and Julia) exiled to?

A

Agrippa Postumus exiled to Planasia in 9 A.D.

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45
Q

When was Agrippa Postumus (son of Agrippa and Julia) exiled?

A

9 A.D.

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46
Q

When was Julia the Younger exiled?

A

8 A.D.

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47
Q

What was Tiberius’s father’s full name?

A

Tiberius Claudius Nero

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48
Q

Whom did Tiberius (the emperor) divorce to marry Julia the Elder?

A

Vipsania

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49
Q

Where did Tiberius go into exile?

A

Rhodes

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50
Q

When was Tiberius in exile?

A

6-2 B.C.

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51
Q

Where did Augustus die?

A

Nola

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52
Q

When did Augustus die?

A

14 A.D.

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53
Q

Where were Augustus’s ashes kept?

A

In his mausoleum

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54
Q

How long was Tiberius’s reign?

A

14-37 A.D.

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55
Q

What military position did Tiberius have under Augustus?

A

general

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56
Q

How did Tiberius view his position as emperor?

A

Gloomy, never really desiring to be emperor, and

jealous of a fellow general, his nephew and adoptive son, Germanicus

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57
Q

Who, nephew and adopted son of Tiberius, was Tiberius jealous of?

A

Germanicus

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58
Q

In what year did Germanic receive a triumph?

A

17 A.D.

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59
Q

When did Germanicus die?

A

19 A.D.

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60
Q

Who suspected of killing Germanicus through poison?

A

governor of Syria, Gn. Calpurnius Piso (who then killed himself)

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61
Q

What revolt covered the span of seven years (17-24 A.D.) during Tiberius’s reign?

A

Revolt of Tacfarinas

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62
Q

Who was Tacfarinas?

A

Numidian chieftain who revolted against Rome

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63
Q

Who trapped Tacfarinas and nearly ended the Revolt of Tacfarinas, but was recalled?

A

Iunius Blaesus

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64
Q

Who successfully ended the Revolt of Tacfarinas?

A

P. Cornelius Dolabella

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65
Q

In what year did the Revolt of Florus and Sacrovir occur?

A

21 A.D.

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66
Q

Who led the Revolt of Florus and Sacrovir?

A

Two Gallic noblemen Julius Sacrovir of the Aedui and Julius Florus of Treviri

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67
Q

In what year did Aelius Sejanus become the Praetorian Prefect?

A

15 A.D.

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68
Q

When did Tiberius leave Rome for Capri, never again stepping foot in Rome?

A

26 A.D.

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69
Q

Tiberius left Rome for his villa on what Italian island?

A

Capri

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70
Q

In what year did Livia die?

A

Livia died in 29 A.D. – Tiberius did not attend her funeral

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71
Q

Why was Aelius Sejanus deemed a villain?

A

Sejanus tried to kill or exile all members of the family of Agrippina the Elder

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72
Q

In what year did Aelius Sejanus face the ramifications of his villainy and was summoned to the Senate and killed?

A

In 31 B.C. when he was summoned to the Senate and killed

73
Q

Who exposed Sejanus?

A

Antonia Minor

74
Q

Who replaced Sejanus as Praetorian Prefect?

A

Sutorius Macro

75
Q

Who issued mass treason trials on those connected to Sejanus?

A

Tiberius

76
Q

Who were the parents of Caligula?

A

Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder

77
Q

Who was the grandfather of Tiberius Gemellus?

A

Tiberius

78
Q

Who were the final two candidates two secede Tiberius as emperor?

A

Tiberius Gemellus, grandson of Tiberius, or Caligula, a son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder

79
Q

Who executed Gemellus as quaestor?

A

Caligula

80
Q

In what year did Tiberius die?

A

37 A.D.

81
Q

Where were Tiberius’s ashes placed?

A

Mausoleum of Augustus

82
Q

How long did Caligula reign for?

A

37-41 A.D.

83
Q

Caligula was the third emperor. His name (Caligula) was known to mean what?

A

“little boot”

84
Q

Instead of invading Britain, what did Caligula order his troops to do?

A

Commanded his soldiers to collect seashells along the English Channel (on the coast of France. His army never reached Britain).

85
Q

What was the name of Caligula’s beloved horse, whom he attempted to make a consul or senator?

A

Incitatus

86
Q

Whom amongst the praetorian guard killed Caligula?

A

Cassius Chaerea

87
Q

In 39 A.D., commander of the Upper Rhine Lentulus Gatulicus conspired and had plans to install whom as emperor?

A

nobleman M. Aemilius Lepidus

88
Q

The Senate hoped to achieve what after a Caligula’s assassination?

A

A restored republic

89
Q

Who killed Caligula?

A

Cassius Chaerea, tribune of the Praetorian Guard, Cornelius Sabinus, and others

90
Q

Who was the uncle of Caligula?

A

Claudius

91
Q

Where was Claudius found hiding after the assassination of Caligula?

A

Imperial palace

92
Q

In what year did Caligula die?

A

41 A.D.

93
Q

Where were Caligula’s ashes placed?

A

Mausoleum of Augustus

94
Q

How long did Claudius’s reign last?

A

41 A.D.-54 A.D.

95
Q

Who was said to be lame or handicapped?

A

Claudius

96
Q

Who was the first emperor born outside of Italy?

A

Claudius

97
Q

Where was Claudius born?

A

Lyon in Cisalpine Gaul

98
Q

Who were the parents of Claudius?

A

Nero Claudius Drusus (Drusus the Elder) and Antonia Minor (daughter of Marc Antony),

99
Q

Who was the brother of Claudius?

A

Germanicus

100
Q

Who completed that annexation of Maurentania?

A

Claudius

101
Q

In 41 A.D. who put down the rebellions in Maurentania?

A

general Suetonius Paulinus

102
Q

Lycia, Thrace, and Noricum were all conquered by whom?

A

Claudius

103
Q

Who began the conquest in Britain?

A

Claudius

104
Q

Who led the invasion of Britain?

A

general Aulus Plautius

105
Q

Which two aqueducts may have been completed under Claudius?

A

Anio Novus and the Aqua Claudia

106
Q

What construction did Claudius add to Ostia?

A

a new harbor which included a lighthouse

107
Q

The 800th anniversary of Rome was celebrated in what year?

A

47 A.D.

108
Q

What position did the freedman Narcissus have?

A

chief secretary (praepositis ab epistulis)

109
Q

What is the Latin name for chief secretary?

A

praepositis ab epistulis

110
Q

Among the positions filled by freedmen in Claudius’s reign, there was the chief accountant (praepositis a rationibus). Who held this position?

A

Pallas

111
Q

What is the Latin name for chief accountant?

A

praepositis a rationibus

112
Q

What freedman occupied the office of examiner of petitions (praepositis a libellis)?

A

Callistus

113
Q

Who kindled a revolt in 41 A.D.

A

M. Furius Camillus Scribonianus

114
Q

The Revolt of M. Furius Camillus Scribonianus happened in what year?

A

41 A.D.

115
Q

M. Furius Camillus Scribonianus was governor of what province?

A

Dalmatia

116
Q

The Revolt of M. Furius Camillus Scribonianus was a conspiracy involving who?

A

M. Furius Camillus Scribonianus, governor of Dalmatia, and Annius Vinicianus

117
Q

The Revolt of M. Furius Camillus Scribonianus conspired against whom?

A

Claudius

118
Q

Who were the four wives of Claudius?

A

Plautia Urgulanilla, Aelia Paetina, Valeria Messalina and Agrippina the Younger

119
Q

Who was the third wife of Claudius?

A

Valeria Messalina

120
Q

Who was the fourth wife of Claudius?

A

Agrippina the Younger

121
Q

Valeria Messalina bore Claudius what son?

A

Britannicus

122
Q

How did Valeria Messalina die?

A

She was killed by the Praetorians in 48 A.D.

123
Q

When did Messalina die?

A

48 A.D.

124
Q

Why was Messalina killed by the Praetorians?

A

supposed conspiracy against Claudius with one of her lovers, C. Silius

125
Q

Who was Messalina’s secret lover?

A

C. Silius

126
Q

Who was Agrippina the Younger?

A

The fourth wife of Claudius

127
Q

The father of Agrippina the Younger was whom?

A

Germanicus

128
Q

What was Agrippina the Younger’s relation to Caligula?

A

Sister

129
Q

Agrippina the Younger had a son with whom before wedded to Claudius?

A

Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus

130
Q

The son of Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger was named what?

A

L. Domitius Ahenobarbus –better known as Nero

131
Q

Who adopted Nero?

A

Claudius

132
Q

Who were the heirs of Claudius?

A

Nero and Brittanicus

133
Q

Who poisoned Claudius?

A

Agrippina the Younger

134
Q

How did Claudius die?

A

He was poisoned through mushroom soup

135
Q

Who made the poisons for Agrippina the Younger?

A

Locusta

136
Q

Who was the imperial taster?

A

Halotus

137
Q

In what year did Claudius die?

A

54 A.D.

138
Q

Where were the ashes of Claudius placed?

A

Mausoleum of Augustus

139
Q

How long did Nero’s reign last?

A

54-68 A.D.

140
Q

How was Nero related to Caligula?

A

He was his nephew

141
Q

How did Nero deal with his adoptive brother Britaniccus?

A

Had Britannicus poisoned (55 A.D.)

142
Q

In what year was Britannicus poisoned?

A

55 A.D.

143
Q

Nero’s early reign was considered stable, hence its name- what was it?

A

Early reign considered stable – Quinquennium Neronis

144
Q

Who was a tutor of Nero and had influence over him?

A

Seneca the Younger

145
Q

Who was the first Praetorian Prefect under Nero?

A

Africanus Burrus

146
Q

Who did Nero have murdered in 59 A.D.?

A

His mother, Agrippina the Younger

147
Q

Who carried out the assassination of Agrippina the Younger?

A

Nero’s admiral, Anicetus

148
Q

Later murdered, who missed death when a ship meant to sink failed in its function?

A

Agrippina the Younger

149
Q

Who was Nero’s first wife (and half-sister)?

A

Octavia

150
Q

Where was Octavia exiled to?

A

Pandateria

151
Q

Who killed Octavia?

A

Nero

152
Q

Who was the second wife of Nero?

A

Poppaea Sabina

153
Q

Otho (the future emperor) was made governor of what region by Nero?

A

Lusitania

154
Q

Why did Nero make Otho governor of Lusitania?

A

to take Poppaea Sabina from him

155
Q

Nero took to take Poppaea Sabina what spouse?

A

Otho

156
Q

When did the Praetorian Prefect Africanus Burrus die?

A

62 A.D.

157
Q

Who replaced Africanus Burrus?

A

Tigellinus

158
Q

Who replaced Tigellinus?

A

Nymphidius Sabinus

159
Q

What Praetorian Prefect supported Galba against Nero?

A

Nymphidius Sabinus

160
Q

In what year did the Great Fire occur?

A

64 A.D.

161
Q

Where was Nero during the Great Fire?

A

Said to be “fiddling” while Rome burned down, was actually away in Antium.

162
Q

What was the name of Nero’s new house?

A

Domus Aurea (Golden House)

163
Q

Which group did Nero blame for the Great Fire?

A

Christians

164
Q

Who was placed on the Armenian throne in 66 A.D.

A

Tiridates

165
Q

Who restores order in Armenia?

A

The general (and governor of Syria) Gn. Domitius Corbulo

166
Q

Who is forced to commit suicide after restoring order in Armenia in 67 A.D.?

A

The general (and governor of Syria) Gn. Domitius Corbulo

167
Q

When did the Revolt of Boudicca take place?

A

60-61 A.D.

168
Q

What was the Revolt of Boudicca?

A

Queen Boudicca of the Iceni (tribe) revolts in Britain

169
Q

Who ends the Revolt of Boudicca?

A

Suetonius Paulinus

170
Q

Who was Boudicca’s husband?

A

Prasutagas, who probably allied with the

Romans

171
Q

When did the Jewish Revolt happen?

A

66-70 A.D.

172
Q

Who ends the Jewish revolt?

A

Vespasian (future emperor)

173
Q

In what contest did Nero compete in, bribing the judges for him to win?

A

Olympic Games

174
Q

When does the Pisonian Conspiracy occur?

A

65 A.D.

175
Q

Who was the Pisonian Conspiracy against?

A

Nero

176
Q

Who leads the Pisonian Conspiracy?

A

C. Calpurnius Piso

177
Q

What was the outcome of the Pisonian Conspiracy?

A

Failure

178
Q

How did Nero die?

A

Committed suicide

179
Q

When did Nero die?

A

68 A.D.

Connor Harrison's History Notes, Flashcards for Ancient Roman History (9 decks)

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