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Connor Harrison's History Notes, Flashcards for Ancient Roman History > Barracks Emperors > Flashcards

Barracks Emperors Flashcards

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1
Q

How long did the span of the Barrack Emperors last?

A

235-284 A.D.

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2
Q

What is a common trend with the Barrack Emperors?

A

There were plenty, there were short reigns

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3
Q

Who was the first Barrack Emperor?

A

Maximinus Thrax

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4
Q

How long did Maximinus Thrax reign for?

A

235-238 A.D.

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5
Q

When did Maximinus Thrax begin his reign?

A

235 A.D.

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6
Q

How many emperors were there in the year 238 A.D.?

A

6

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7
Q

Who was Maximinus Thrax?

A

Thracian peasant/soldier who succeeded Alexander Severus, was one of the “6 emperors” of 238 A.D.

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8
Q

As a reward for getting him the role of emperor, what did Maximinus Thrax do for his soldiers?

A

Doubled the pay of his soldiers

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9
Q

Who did Maximinus Thrax bribe in order to become emperor?

A

His soldiers

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10
Q

What made Maximinus Thrax unpopular with the people?

A

passed taxes to pay troops and finance a German campaign

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11
Q

What sect was particularly angered by Maximinus Thrax?

A

wealthy African landowners who had gained power in the senate since time of Septimius Severus

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12
Q

What city did Maximinus Thrax fail to take?

A

strategic city of Aquileia,

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13
Q

Who killed Maximinus Thrax?

A

His soldiers

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14
Q

When did Maximinius Thrax end his reign?

A

238 A.D.

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15
Q

Gordian I & Gordian II were emperors co-ruling from where in 238 A.D.?

A

North Africa

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16
Q

How old was Gordian the First?

A

Gordian I was 80 years old, perhaps the oldest person ever named Augustus

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17
Q

Gordian I & Gordian II were defeated by whom?

A

Troops loyal to Maximinus Thrax

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18
Q

What set of emperors were essentially appointed co-rulers by the Senate in 238 A.D.?

A

Pupienus & Balbinus

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19
Q

Who killed Pupienus & Balbinus?

A

The Praetorian Guard

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20
Q

How long did Gordian III rule for?

A

238-244 A.D.

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21
Q

Gordian III was the grandson of whom?

A

Grandson of Gordian I

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22
Q

How old was Gordian III when he became emperor?

A

13

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23
Q

Who was the victor of the year 238 A.D.?

A

Gordian III

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24
Q

Who looked after Gordian III?

A

praetorian prefect Timesitheus (died in 243 B.C.,

replaced by Philip)

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25
Q

What Praetorian Prefect was the guardian of Gordian III?

A

Timesitheus (died in 243 B.C.,

replaced by Philip)

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26
Q

When did Gordian III end his reign?

A

244 A.D.

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27
Q

How long did Philip the Arab rule for?

A

244-249 A.D.

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28
Q

In what year did Philip the Arab begin his reign?

A

244 A.D.

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29
Q

Who celebrated Rome’s 1000th anniversary?

A

Philip the Arab

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30
Q

Who defeated Philip the Arab?

A

Decius at Verona

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31
Q

Where was Philip the Arab defeated by Decius?

A

Verona in 249 A.D.

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32
Q

When did Decius begin his reign?

A

249 A.D.

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33
Q

How long did Decius reign for?

A

249-251 A.D.

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34
Q

Decius is known for his harsh prosecution of what religious group?

A

Christians

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35
Q

Decius was the first emperor to be killed in battle. What battle was Decius killed in?

A

battle at Abrittus against the Goths under Kniva

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36
Q

What enemy of Rome was Decius killed by?

A

Goths under Kniva

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37
Q

In what year did Decius die?

A

251 A.D.

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38
Q

Who ruled from 251-253 A.D.?

A

Trebonianus Gallus

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39
Q

Trebonianus Gallus made peace with what adversary?

A

Kniva and the Goths

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40
Q

Where was Trebonianus Gallus defeated?

A

Interamna in 253 A.D.?

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41
Q

How long did Valerian reign for?

A

253-260 A.D.

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42
Q

Who captured Valerian?

A

Captured by The Persians under Shapur I

43
Q

Where was Valerian captured by the Persians and Shapur I?

A

Edessa (Carrhae)

44
Q

How did Valerian die in 260 A.D.?

A

died in captivity

45
Q

Who was the son of Valerian?

A

Gallienus

46
Q

How long did Gallienus reign for as emperor?

A

253-268 A.D.

47
Q

Who did Gallienus fight against?

A

the Alemanni and several other tribes and revolters

48
Q

Impostors who claimed the throne under Gallienus were known as?

A

“Thirty Tyrants”

49
Q

During Gallienus’s reign what empire was formed?

A

The Gallic Empire was established by Postumus (260 A.D.) (independent of the Roman Empire)

50
Q

In what year was the Gallic Empire founded?

A

260 A.D.

51
Q

Who founded the Gallic Empire?

A

Postumus

52
Q

At its greatest extent the Gallic Empire stretched out how far?

A

at its height, it contained Germania, Gaul,

Britannia, and Hispania

53
Q

Gallienus abandoned his war with the Goths to defeat whom in Italy?

A

M’. Acilius Aureolus at

a battle near Mediolanum (Milan)

54
Q

Where did Gallienus defeat M’. Acilius Aureolus?

A

a battle near Mediolanum (Milan)

55
Q

Gallienus had trusted whom before he turned out to be one of the “thirty tyrants”?

A

M’. Acilius Aureolus

56
Q

Following the defeat of M’. Acilius Aureolus, what Illyrian officers assassinated Gallienus

A

Illyrian officers (including Claudius II and Aurelian)

57
Q

In what year did Gallienus die?

A

268 A.D.

58
Q

Gallienus the ended prosecution of what religious group, creating a 40 year peace?

A

Christians

59
Q

How long did Claudius II (Gothicus) rule for?

A

268-270 A.D

60
Q

What was Claudius II nickname?

A

Gothicus

61
Q

In what battle does emperor Emperor Claudius the Second defeat the Alamanni?

A

Battle of Lake Benacus (268)

62
Q

In what year does the Battle of Lake Benacus occur?

A

268 A.D.

63
Q

In what battle did Claudius the Second and Aurelian command the Romans in the defeat of the Goths?

A

Battle of Naissus (268/269, disputed date)

64
Q

When did the Battle of Naissus occur?

A

(269 A.D.) (According to Ward, Naissus may have occurred under Gallienus in 268 A.D.)

65
Q

What was the bloodiest battle in the third century A.D.?

A

Battle of Naissus

66
Q

How did Claudius the Second die?

A

of the plague

67
Q

In what year did Claudius the Second die?

A

270 A.D.

68
Q

Who was the brother of Claudius the Second, and may have ruled for mere days before Aurelian?

A

Quintillus

69
Q

Who was Claudius’s magister equitum?

A

Aurelian

70
Q

How long did Aurelian reign for?

A

270-275 A.D.

71
Q

What nickname of Aurelian replicates his harsh discipline?

A

Manus ad Ferrum (Hand on Steel)

72
Q

What Palmyrene ruler did Aurelian defeat?

A

Zenobia

73
Q

What empire did Aurelian restore after the defeat of Zenobia?

A

Palmyrene Empire

74
Q

Who was made king and Augustus of the Palmyrene Empire in 271 A.D.?

A

Zenobia’s son Vabalathus

75
Q

In what year was Zenobia’s son, Vabalathus, made king of the Palmyrene Empire?

A

271 A.D.

76
Q

Who was Zenobia’s husband?

A

Odaenathus, an ally of Rome

77
Q

When did Zenobia’s husband die, leaving her to rule the Palmyrene Empire and challenge Roman authority?

A

267 A.D.

78
Q

When Zenobia was defeated, where did she live out the rest of her life?

A

Zenobia lived her days out in dignity, living at a villa in Tibur (Tivoli), married to a Roman senator

79
Q

What title is given to Aurelian for his success?

A

Restitutor Orbis (Restorer of the World)

80
Q

What success did Aurelian win against the Gallic Empire?

A

defeat of Tetricus of the Gallic Empire at Chalons-Sur-Marne (French city)

81
Q

Who did Aurelian defeat at Chalons-Sur-Marne?

A

Tetricus of the Gallic Empire

82
Q

For his success in the East, what title did Aurelian receive?

A

Restitutor Orientis (Restorer of the East)

83
Q

What city did Aurelian sack after they rebelled a second time?

A

Palmyra

84
Q

Similar to Elagabulus, what sun god did Aurelian worship?

A

Sun God (Sol Invictus)

85
Q

What defensive structure did Aurelian start building in 271 A.D.?

A

a brick wall around Rome that was 12 miles long, 20

feet high, and 12 feet thick, with 18 gates

86
Q

Aurelian stopped mint making for Roman coinage, instigating a revolt among the workers
led by whom?

A

Felicissimus

87
Q

Aurelian abandoned what province?

A

Dacia

88
Q

How did Aurelian die?

A

He was murdered in Thrace

89
Q

When did Aurelian die?

A

275 A.D., six months

90
Q

How long did Tacitus reign for?

A

275–276 A.D.

91
Q

How did Tacitus become emperor?

A

Chosen by the Senate

92
Q

How did Tacitus die?

A

Assassinated by his own troops

93
Q

Who finished construction on Aurelian’s Wall around Rome?

A

Emperor Probus

94
Q

What emperor sacked Ctesiphon in 283 A.D.?

A

Carus

95
Q

How is emperor Carus proclaimed to have died in 283 A.D.?

A

he was struck by lightning or killed by the praetorian

prefect Ape

96
Q

What emperors were the sons of emperor Carus?

A

Carinus (283-285 A.D.) in the West and Numerian (283-284 A.D.) in the East

97
Q

What son of Carus ruled the west?

A

Carinus (283-285 A.D.)

98
Q

What son of Carus ruled the east?

A

Numerian (283-284 A.D.)

99
Q

Where was Carinus defeated by Diocletian?

A

at the Battle of the River Margus (285 A.D.)

100
Q

In what year was Carinus defeated by Diocletian?

A

285 A.D.

101
Q

Numerian may have been killed by what Praetorian Prefect in 84 A.D.?

A

praetorian prefect L. Flavius Aper

102
Q

Who, believing praetorian prefect L. Flavius Aper had killed Numerian, slew praetorian prefect L. Flavius Aper?

A

Diocletian

103
Q

In what year did the Barrack Emperors Era end?

A

284 A.D.

Connor Harrison's History Notes, Flashcards for Ancient Roman History (9 decks)

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