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Connor Harrison's History Notes, Flashcards for Ancient Roman History > Five Good Emperors Era > Flashcards

Five Good Emperors Era Flashcards

This expands beyond the Five Good Emperors, focusing on the era rather than just the five good.

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1
Q

The Five Good Emperors Era lasts how long?

A

96 A.D. – 193 A.D.

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2
Q

Who was the first “good”emperor?

A

Nerva

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3
Q

When was Nerva inaugurated emperor, beginning the Five Good Emperors Era?

A

96 A.D.

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4
Q

How long did Nerva reign for?

A

96-98 A.D.

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5
Q

How did Nerva end up emperor?

A

Chosen by the Senate to be emperor after Domitian’s death

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6
Q

Who was Praetorian Prefect under Domitian from 94-96 A.D.?

A

Petronius Secundus

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7
Q

Who called for the assassination of Petronius Secundus?

A

praetorian prefect Casperius Aelianus

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8
Q

When was Petronius Secundus assassinated?

A

97 A.D.

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9
Q

Who replaced Petronius Secundus as Praetorian Prefect?

A

Casperius Aelianus

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10
Q

Who was forced to adopt Trajan as heir?

A

Nerva

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11
Q

By adopting Trajan as his heir, Nerva set the precedent for what popular Roman imperial concept?

A

the idea of cooptation – adopting someone to be your

heir, not just a blood relative

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12
Q

When did Nerva die?

A

98 A.D.

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13
Q

How did Nerva die?

A

Fever

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14
Q

How long did Trajan reign for?

A

98-117 A.D.

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15
Q

When did Trajan start his reign?

A

98 A.D.

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16
Q

In what modern country was Trajan born in?

A

Spain

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17
Q

In what Spanish city was Trajan born in?

A

Italica

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18
Q

Trajan was considered a great emperor. Relating to Rome’s foreign involvement, why might this be?

A

under him Rome reached its

greatest territorial extent

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19
Q

How many provinces were their during Trajan’s reign?

A

46

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20
Q

Rome reached its greatest territorial extent in what year?

A

117 A.D.

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21
Q

Who was Trajan’s wife?

A

Plotina

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22
Q

Who helped in conquering the Dacians and King Decebalus?

A

Trajan

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23
Q

In what year was Dacia added to the empire?

A

106 A.D.

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24
Q

What province was added to the empire in 106 A.D.?

A

Dacia

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25
Q

What battle against the Dacians occurred in 101 A.D.?

A

Second Battle of Tapae

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26
Q

The Second Battle of Tapae occurred in what year?

A

101 A.D.

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27
Q

What forum was built into the sides of the Quirinal Hill?

A

Forum of Trajan

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28
Q

What architect constructed the Forum of Trajan?

A

Apollodorus of Damascus

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29
Q

What other construction is Apollodorus of Damascus credited with creating (pertains to military campaigns)?

A

“Trajan’s Bridge” for the Dacian campaigns)

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30
Q

What column in the Forum of Trajan commemorates Trajan’s victories over the Dacians?

A

Column of Trajan

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31
Q

The Forum of Trajan is the last of what?

A

imperial fora

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32
Q

What construction of Trajan’s is said to be built over Nero’s Domus Aurea (Golden House)?

A

Trajan’s Baths

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33
Q

When Trajan was fighting the Parthians what capital did he sack?

A

Ctesiphon

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34
Q

Victorious over the Parthians, what two provinces was Trajan able to add to the empire?

A

Armenia and Mesopotamia

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35
Q

In what year were Armenia and Mesopotamia added to the empire?

A

116 A.D.

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36
Q

Who was Lucius Quietus?

A

Moorish cavalry commander and former Berber prince

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37
Q

What Moorish cavalry commander was instrumental in helping Trajan against the Dacians and Parthians?

A

Lucius Quietus

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38
Q

Ally of Trajan, Lucius Quietus, was made governor of what province?

A

Judea

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39
Q

What title did the Senate bestow upon Trajan?

A

“optimus princeps” or “best ruler”

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40
Q

How did Trajan die?

A

Died of a stroke in Selinus

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41
Q

Where did Trajan die?

A

Selinus, Sicily

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42
Q

When did Trajan die?

A

117 A.D.

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43
Q

Hadrian began his reign in what year?

A

117 A.D.

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44
Q

Similar to Trajan, Hadrian was born in what modern country

A

Spain

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45
Q

In what city was Hadrian born in?

A

Italica

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46
Q

How is Hadrian related to Trajan?

A

Adopted son of Trajan (Hadrian was Trajan’s cousin)

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47
Q

Which good emperors were cousins?

A

Hadrian and Trajan

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48
Q

Who helped Hadrian become emperor?

A

Plotina and one of Hadrian’s guardians (and Roman official) Acilius Attianus

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49
Q

What guardian (and Roman official) of Hadrian helped Hadrian in becoming emperor?

A

Acilius Attianus

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50
Q

Whose wife helped Hadrian become emperor?

A

Plotina

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51
Q

What ally of Trajan and governor of Judea was executed, along with four senators, by Hadrian for supposedly conspiring against him?

A

Lusius Quietus

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52
Q

What defensive move did Hadrian take in Britain?

A

Established a wall (Hadrian’s Wall) in Britain built from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth

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53
Q

Where was Hadrian’s Wall built in Britain

A

River Tyne to the Solway Firth

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54
Q

What governor of Britain oversaw the construction of Hadrian’s Wall?

A

Platorius Nepos

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55
Q

Hadrian rebuilt what famous Roman temple?

A

Pantheon

56
Q

Because of his admiration for Greek culture, Hadrian was given what epithet?

A

“Graeculus” – “the Greekling”

57
Q

What Athenian political office did Hadrian hold?

A

archon of Athens

58
Q

Beginning his reign as emperor Hadrian thought he should get to know the empire, hence what action of his?

A

Spent the first part of his reign going on a large tour of the empire

59
Q

What Greek youth did Hadrian love?

A

Antinous

60
Q

Where did Hadrian’s Greek lover, Antinous, die?

A

The Nile

61
Q

Hadrian had several cities named after what lover?

A

Antinous

62
Q

What was Hadrian’s wife named?

A

Sabina

63
Q

What sparked the revolt in Judea led by Simon bar Kokhba?

A

Hadrian attempted to place a statue of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in the temple mount in Jerusalem

64
Q

Who led the revolt against Hadrian’s attempt to place a statue of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in the temple mount in Jerusalem?

A

Simon bar Kokhba

65
Q

Who suppressed Simon bar Kokhba’s revolt?

A

general Julius Severus

66
Q

Who was Hadrian’s first choice as heir, but later died?

A

Lucius Aelius

67
Q

Who did Hadrian appoint as his heir after the death of Lucius Aelius?

A

Antoninus Pius

68
Q

On what conditions did Hadrian adopt Antoninus Pius?

A 
that Antoninus adopt Marcus Aurelius and
Lucius Verus (son of Lucius Aelius)
69
Q

Who was the son of Lucius Aelius?

A

Lucius Verus

70
Q

Where were the ashes of Hadrian placed?

A

Mausoleum of Hadrian

71
Q

How did Hadrian die?

A

Heart failure

72
Q

When did Hadrian die?

A

138 A.D.

73
Q

When did Antoninus Pius begin his reign?

A

138 A.D.

74
Q

How long did Antoninus Pius reign for?

A

138-161 A.D.

75
Q

Why did Antoninus Pius gain the name “Pius”?

A

because he encouraged the Senate to deify Hadrian

76
Q

Who encouraged the Senate to deify Hadrian?

A

Antoninus Pius

77
Q

Who did Antoninus Pius marry?

A

Faustina the Elder

78
Q

Antoninus Pius celebrated what anniversary of Rome?

A

900th anniversary

79
Q

Antoninus Pius established a wall in what modern region of the U.K.?

A

Scotland

80
Q

The Wall of Antoninus Pius was built north of what other major wall?

A

Hadrian’s Wall

81
Q

The Wall of Antoninus Pius was built where in Scotland?

A

from the Firth of Forth to the Firth of Clyde

82
Q

What governor of Britain oversaw the construction of the Wall of Antoninus Pius?

A

governor of Britain, Lollius Urbicus

83
Q

Who ruled the longest of the Five Good Emperors?

A

Antoninus Pius

84
Q

When did Antoninus Pius die?

A

161 A.D.

85
Q

Where were Antoninus Pius’s ashes placed?

A

Mausoleum of Hadrian

86
Q

How did Antoninus Pius die?

A

Fever

87
Q

When did Marcus Aurelius begin his reign?

A

161 A.D.

88
Q

How long did Marcus Aurelius reign for?

A

161-180 AD

89
Q

What school of philosophy did Marcus Aurelius belong to?

A

Stoicism

90
Q

What stoic work did Marcus Aurelius write?

A

Meditations

91
Q

What idea did Marcus Aurelius create?

A

“philosopher-king”

92
Q

Who was Marcus Aurelius’s general who captured Ctesiphon in Parthia in 164 A.D.?

A

Avidius Cassius

93
Q

In what year did Avidius Cassius capture Ctesiphon?

A

164 A.D.

94
Q

Who despite being commander in Parthia, had Avidius Cassius do most of the work campaigning?

A

Lucius Verus

95
Q

In what year was Marcus Aurellius falsely believed to have died?

A

175 A.D.

96
Q

Who, falsely thinking Marcus Aurellius had died, endeavored to take the throne?

A

Avidius Cassius

97
Q

Who supported Avidius Cassius’s failed attempt at taking the throne?

A

Marcus Aurelius’s wife, Faustina the Younger

98
Q

Who co-ruled with Marcus Aurelius?

A

Lucius Verus

99
Q

How long did Lucius Verus co-rule for?

A

161-169 A.D.

100
Q

How did Lucius Verus die?

A

plague

101
Q

What enemies of Rome did Marcus Aurelius fight against?

A

Marcomanni, Quadi, Sarmatians, and Iazyges

102
Q

What column, based off of Trajan’s column, commemorates Marcus Aurelius’s success against Rome’s enemies?

A

column of Marcus Aurelius

103
Q

Who was the wife of Marcus Aurelius?

A

Faustina the Younger

104
Q

Who was the last of the Five Good Emperors?

A

Marcus Aurelius

105
Q

How did Marcus Aurelius die?

A

Died of the plague

106
Q

Where did Marcus Aurelius die?

A

Vindabona, modern Vienna

107
Q

In what year did Marcus Aurelius die in?

A

180 A.D.

108
Q

How long did Commodus reign for?

A

180-192 A.D

109
Q

When did Commodus begin his reign?

A

180 A.D.

110
Q

Who was made Caesar by Marcus Aurelius in 177 A.D.?

A

Commodus

111
Q

In what year was Commodus made Caesar by Marcus Aurelius?

A

177 A.D.

112
Q

Commodus was the son of whom?

A

Marcus Aurelius

113
Q

By Commodus becoming the heir of Marcus Aurelius what system was ended?

A

cooptation system of succession

114
Q

Who was the sister of Commodus?

A

Lucilla

115
Q

Who was the mistress of Commodus?

A

Marcia

116
Q

Commodus imitated what Greek-mythological hero?

A

Hercules

117
Q

Who was the freedman Praetorian Prefect under Commodus?

A

Cleander

118
Q

What type of corruption was the Praetorian Prefect Cleander notorious for?

A

Bidding offices away. Sold the imperial offices to the highest bidders, including 25 consulships in one day

119
Q

In what type of recreational event did Commodus compete in?

A

gladiatorial games

120
Q

What did Commodus rename Rome?

A

Colonia Commodiana (Colony of Commodus)

121
Q

How is Commodus’s reign summarized?

A

by lavish brothels and general upheaval

122
Q

When was Commodus killed?

A

New Year’s Eve, 192 A.D.

123
Q

What Praetorian Prefect conspired in the killing of Commodus?

A

Q. Aemilius Laetus

124
Q

Who poisoned Commodus unsuccessfully?

A

His mistress, Marcia

125
Q

How did Commodus ultimately die?

A

His wrestling coach Narcissus strangled him

to death

126
Q

In what year did Pertinax rule in?

A

193 A.D.

127
Q

How did Pertinax end up emperor?

A

Brought to the praetorian camp by the conspirators who had killed Commodus and was proclaimed emperor the day after the assassination

128
Q

How did Pertinax die?

A

Killed by the Praetorian Guard

129
Q

In what year did Pertinax die?

A

193 A.D.

130
Q

Who ended the Five Good Emperors Era?

A

Didius Julianus

131
Q

In what year did Didius Julianus die?

A

193 A.D.

132
Q

Who did Didius Julianus outbid to become emperor?

A

a rival (Sulpicianus)

133
Q

How did Didius Julianus become emperor?

A

Literally won the imperial throne in an auction by the praetorian guard when he outbid a rival (Sulpicianus)

134
Q

Who auctioned off the position of emperor?

A

Praetorian Guard

135
Q

Didus Julianus paid each member of the Praetorian Guard how many sesterces to secure his position as emperor?

A

25,000 sesterces

136
Q

Who sentenced Didus Julianus to death?

A

Septimius Severus

Connor Harrison's History Notes, Flashcards for Ancient Roman History (9 decks)

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