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World Religions Part I > Judaism - Origin and History > Flashcards

Judaism - Origin and History Flashcards

1
Q

The subjective approach…

A

offers and evaluates the history of a religion from the viewpoint of the religion’s own adherents.

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2
Q

The objective approach…

A

offers and evaluates the history of a religion from a scholarly standpoint (e.g., archeological, historical, philological). The scholars are not necessarily adherents of the religion.

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3
Q

The Torah is the…

A

Holy Scriptures of Judaism.

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4
Q

The Torah is composed of…

A

five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy

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5
Q

The Torah contains…

A

an account of the early history of the ancient Israelites and the laws God gave them.

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6
Q

The book of Genesis contains…

A

a creation story

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7
Q

According to Genesis, G-d created everything in…

A

six days (on the seventh day he rested.) Humans were created on day six.

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8
Q

What was the story of Adam and Eve?

A

Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden. It was a paradise where they could directly speak with G-d. G-d gave them just a few commands to follow. One was that they should not eat from the tree of knowledge. However, they broke G-d’s commands and ate from the tree of knowledge. G-d punished them for this sin, which included banishment from the Garden. Adam and Eve would also now both eventually die. Out of the Garden, they had children and populated the earth.

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9
Q

After Adam and Eve died, most humans were very wicked. How did G-d punish them?

A

He destroyed the Earth with a flood.

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10
Q

Abraham is given credit for…

A

receiving the first covenant between G-d and His people (Israelites).

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11
Q

G-d promised Abraham…

A

many descendants. However, he and his wife (Sarah) are barren until old age.

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12
Q

How many children does Abraham have and what are their names?

A

Abraham eventually does have two sons: Ishmael and Isaac.

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13
Q

What happens to Abraham’s son, Ishmael?

A

Ishmael is sent away since Sarah is not his mother.

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14
Q

What happens to Abraham’s son, Isaac?

A

Isaac marries and has two sons, one of whom is Jacob.

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15
Q

What happens to Isaac’s son, Jacob?

A

Jacob (i.e, Israel) has twelve sons. They will eventually be the founders of the twelve tribes of Israel.

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16
Q

According to the book of Exodus, what happened to the Israelites?

A

The Israelites had been conquered by the Egyptians and were enslaved.

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17
Q

When and where was Moses born?

A

Egypt in 1300’s BCE

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18
Q

When and where was Abraham born?

A

Ur in 2000 BCE

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19
Q

As an adult, Moses is told by G-d to…

A

lead His people (Israelites) out of slavery.

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20
Q

What does the modern celebration of Passover represent?

A

After a series of plagues that G-d sends down to Egypt, Pharaoh releases the Israelites. The last plague is the death of every first-born child in Egypt except for those Hebrews that put lamb’s blood on their doors. This is celebrated by Jews still today as Passover: the angel of death literally passing over the Jewish houses.

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21
Q

After Pharaoh releases the Israelites, he…

A

quickly reconsiders and pursues the Israelites to the Red Sea. Moses parts the Red Sea as a miracle of G-d to allow them to escape and kill the Egyptians.

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22
Q

After he kills the Egyptians by parting the Red Sea, Moses and the Israelites find themselves in…

A

the desert of Sinai.

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23
Q

Who wrote the Torah and where did he do so?

A

Moses wrote the Torah. He received the Ten Commandments on Mt. Sinai and wrote them down there.

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24
Q

What moment in subjective history do Jewish people consider the beginning of Judaism?

A

When G-d creates a covenant with Moses and the Israelites in Sinai. He promises the Israelites that they are His people, and if they follow His commands, He will protect them and if they break His commands, He will punish them.

25
Q

What is a covenant?

A

A reciprocal promise that God makes with someone.

26
Q

What does God promise Moses on Mt. Sinai?

A

God promises Moses that he will lead the Israelites to a land of their own. The Israelites called this the “Promised Land.”

27
Q

When Moses comes back down from Mt. Sinai, what does he discover?

A

He discovers the Israelites worshipping a golden calf dedicated to the Canaanite god called Ba’al. Moses then breaks the tablets containing the Ten Commandments.

28
Q

How does God punish the Israelites for worshipping Ba’al?

A

God punishes them by having them wander the desert for forty years! He does eventually lead them to the Promised Land (modern-day Israel)

29
Q

How does God punish Moses for being disobedient?

A

He isn’t allowed to enter the Promised Land

30
Q

Who is the first judge?

A

Joshua, Moses’ cousin

31
Q

Who was the first King of the Promised Land?

A

Saul

32
Q

Why is Saul rejected as King?

A

When preparing to fight the Philistines he disobeys God.

33
Q

Who is the second King? What was he notable for?

A

David, who as a young man defeats the Philistines’ greatest warrior.

34
Q

King David is replaced by…

A

his son, Solomon. Solomon is said to be a very wise king and has many wives and vast wealth.

35
Q

God tells Solomon to…

A

build a permanent temple.

36
Q

After Solomon’s death, Israel splits into…

A

two kingdoms: the ten Northern tribes take the name Israel, the two Southern tribes take the name Judah.

37
Q

Israel is conquered by the __________ in 722 BCE

A

Assyrians

38
Q

What happened to Solomon’s temple in 587 BCE?

A

Babylonians conquer Judah and destroy the temple, looting it in the process.

39
Q

When considering the objective view, what evidence refutes the idea that Moses was born into Egyptian slavery?

A

There is no evidence that Egyptians even had slaves. There is also no acknowledgment of the Israelites until 980 BCE.

40
Q

Many modern scholars believe that the ancient Israelites were…

A

a faction of the Canaanite people already living in the area during the late Bronze Age.

41
Q

Objectively speaking, it’s likely that the ancient Israelites believed in…

A

multiple Gods. Here are some Canaanite gods: Ba’al, El (or Elohim), Asherah, and Yahweh. Israelities mostly focused on El and Yahweh.

41
Q

What evidence is there that refutes the idea that Moses wrote the Torah?

A

The Canaanite language was not written until about 1000 BCE. It would be hard for Moses to write the Torah unless he wrote it in hieroglyphs or cuneiform.

41
Q

Who conquered Babylon in 539 BCE and what happened to the Jewish people after that?

A

The Persians conquered Babylon, allowing the Jewish elite to return to Judah.

41
Q

We have no evidence of what Kings?

A

King Saul, David, and Solomon. We do have evidence of the kings of Israel, after Solomon’s death.

42
Q

We have no evidence of what holy site?

A

Solomon’s temple

42
Q

After they return from Babylonian exile, the Jewish elite…

A

rebuild the temple in Jerusalem.

42
Q

Where were the Jewish elite exiled to?

A

Babylon

42
Q

Objectively and subjectively speaking, how was the Torah written down?

A

While in Babylonian exile, the Jewish elite began to write down their stories and oral traditions.

43
Q

Where did the name “Jewish” come from?

A

Alexander the Great asked what the name of the
around Jerusalem was called. He was told “Judah.” So, he called the people living their the Judians, or Jews in Greek.

44
Q

Who conquered Jerusalem in 333 BCE?

A

Alexander the Great (who was Greek)

45
Q

Who conquered the area away from the Greeks in 143 BCE?

A

The Romans

46
Q

Who becomes the Roman governor of the
province of Palestine during the First Century BCE?

A

King Herod the Great

47
Q

How was the second temple destroyed?

A

There was a major Jewish revolt against the Romans, but they crushed the Jewish population. In the process, they destroyed the temple.

48
Q

After the Jewish people are sent into exile by the Romans, how does their religion shift?

A

Judaism transforms itself from a sacrifice religion into a revealed religion

49
Q

What is a revealed religion?

A

A revealed religion uses a Holy Text to guide its understanding of the world and their place in it.

50
Q

Who was Moses Maimonides?

A

He is one of the most important and famous Jewish
philosophers to ever live. Maimonides developed 13 principles of Jewish faith that are still used today. He also found 613 commands of God in the Torah.

51
Q

What was the UN’s response to the Holocaust?

A

To carve up Palestine and create the state of Israel.

52
Q

The whole Hebrew bible is called…

A

Tanakh

World Religions Part I (7 decks)

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