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World Religions Part I > Christianity - Origin and History > Flashcards

Christianity - Origin and History Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of religion is Christianity?

A

It is an Abrahamic Religion

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2
Q

The Jesus that Christians follow is from…

A

Nazareth

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3
Q

Christianity shares its creation story with…

A

Judaism

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4
Q

The story of Jesus’ life comes from what part of the Bible?

A

The New Testament. More specifically, the first four books: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

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5
Q

Jesus Christ was born between ____ and ____

A

6 BCE and 6 CE

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6
Q

What town was Jesus born in?

A

Bethlehem

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7
Q

Jesus’ parents are…?

A

Mary and Joseph

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8
Q

What’s the story of Jesus’ parents?

A

Mary was a virgin and God put the child in her. Mary was visited by an angel and told this would happen. Joseph also was told about this event and asked to marry Mary and help raise the child.

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9
Q

When Jesus is born, what happens?

A

First, three magi (wisemen) come to visit the infant Jesus and bring him gifts. Then, Herod the Great learns of the birth of Jesus from the Magi. Herod begins killing all male infants and an angel warns Joseph to leave Israel. They flee to Egypt.

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10
Q

After Jesus is born, we don’t hear much of him until he is around 12 years old. What is significant about this time in his life?

A

He is starting the Bar Mitzvah process. Jesus is in the temple speaking to several Jewish teachers and leaders who are impressed by his knowledge.

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11
Q

After the bit about Jesus when he’s 12, his life isn’t recorded again until he is…?

A

30, which is the beginning of his ministry

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12
Q

Who was John the Baptist?

A

John was likely an Essene who lived in the desert, and he was a cousin to Jesus.

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13
Q

Where were most baptisms done?

A

In the Jordan River.

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14
Q

After Jesus is baptized, what immediately happens?

A

a voice from heaven speaks and says, “this is my son who I am well pleased.”

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15
Q

One of Jesus’ most famous speeches is…

A

The Sermon on the Mount

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16
Q

Jesus focused his ministry on…

A

the poor and common person.

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17
Q

What were some of Jesus’ miracles?

A

walking on water, turning water into wine, healing the blind, raising a person from the dead, and transfiguring.

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18
Q

Who were Jesus’ three closest friends?

A

John, Peter, and James, who were fishermen and the first followers of Jesus.

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19
Q

What happens on the Sunday before Jesus’ death?

A

Jesus arrives triumphantly to Jerusalem. Thousands of people cheer and celebrate his arrival. Jesus is there to celebrate the Passover.

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20
Q

What happens on the Thursday before Jesus’ death?

A

Jesus gathers his disciples, and they have a last meal together. Christians today remember this event with Communion or the Lord’s Supper.

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21
Q

What happens on the Thursday NIGHT before Jesus’ death?

A

Jesus is arrested by the Jewish officials. He is charged with false teachings.

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22
Q

Who was the Roman governor of Jerusalem before and during Jesus’ death?

A

Pilate

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23
Q

When the Jewish high court sends Jesus to Pilate, what does Pilate think?

A

Pilate thinks Jesus isn’t a threat to Rome and is reluctant to have him killed.

24
Q

Because he’s reluctant to kill Jesus, Pilate…

A

gives the people a choice between saving a murderer or saving Jesus. The crowd shouts for the death of Jesus.

25
Q

Why was Jesus nailed to the cross instead of being tied to it?

A

They wanted Jesus to die quickly so he could be buried before the start of the Sabbath at sunset

26
Q

Who attends Jesus’ crucifixion?

A

Peter, John, his friend Mary Magdalene, and his mother.

27
Q

What happens on the Sunday after Jesus’ death?

A

Someone arrives at the tomb to prepare the body of Jesus but discovers he is gone.

28
Q

Who discovers that Jesus’ body is gone from the tomb?

A

It depends on the gospel. In one it is Mary Magdalene and virgin Mary; in another it is Peter and John.

29
Q

After Jesus is resurrected, what happens?

A

An angel tells the disciples that Jesus has risen from the dead. Most of the other disciples do not immediately believe that Jesus has risen from the
dead. After 40 days of Jesus teaching and appearing to his followers, he ascends into heaven.

30
Q

When Jesus ascends into heaven, what does he command the disciples?

A

He commands them to make disciples of all nations baptizing them in the name of God.

31
Q

Why is it hard to confirm the life of Jesus from an objective view?

A

Jesus was a rather common name during the time.

32
Q

Most scholars believe what about Jesus?

A

Most scholars believe that Jesus did live in the early 1st century CE and was a radical Jewish religious figure.

33
Q

Most scholars believe Jesus was born in _______ and died in _______.

A

He probably was born around 4 BCE and died around 30 CE.

34
Q

Who was Saul of Tarsus?

A

He was a Jewish man. He was a Roman citizen, wealthy, and highly educated. He described himself as being a Pharisee. Saul was a persecutor of Christians. One day on the road to Damascus, Saul had a religious experience. He “sees” and speaks to the risen Jesus and has a religious conversion experience.

35
Q

To demonstrate his changed faith, Saul changes his name to…

A

Paul

36
Q

Who was the greatest advocate of early Christianity?

A

The Apostle Paul

37
Q

Paul’s missionary journeys were mostly recorded in…

A

The Acts of the Apostles, which is a book in the New
Testament after the Gospels.

38
Q

Who wrote the majority of the New Testament?

A

Paul did, in the form of letters

39
Q

What was the debate between Peter and Paul about?

A

Paul strongly believed that the message of Jesus was intended for everyone. Peter disagrees with Paul on this matter. Peter thinks Jesus’ message is intended just for other Jews. Peter had no problem with people first converting to Judaism and then becoming
Christian. He just had a problem with Paul who was claiming you could be Christian without first converting to Judaism.

40
Q

Who won the debate between Peter and Paul?

A

Paul wins this debate. He convinces the other Christians present that you do not have to be Jewish to be Christian.

41
Q

After the debate between Peter and Paul, what happens?

A

Christianity became a new and separate religion instead of a faction of Judaism.

42
Q

Who was Christianity most appealing to?

A

Women and the economically poor.

43
Q

Who was Constantine the Great?

A

He reigned around 300 CE. He was a Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity and stopped the persecution of Christians. He declared Christianity an official and protected religion of the Roman Empire. He moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople (Istanbul).

44
Q

What was the universal statement of faith called and who developed it?

A

Nicene Creed; Constantine and The Council of Nicaea delivered it.

45
Q

After Constantine’s meeting with the Council of Bishops, Christianity became…

A

the dominant religion in the West.

46
Q

Who was Augustine?

A

He lived from 354 - 430 CE. He is probably the most important philosopher in the history of the Christian church.

47
Q

What did Augustine develop?

A

He developed the doctrines of original sin and the doctrine of grace.

48
Q

What book did Augustine write?

A

The City of God

49
Q

Who was Thomas Aquinas?

A

He lived from 1224 – 1275 CE. He was a very influential philosopher and theologian. He tried to defend Christianity using Aristotelian logic and metaphysics

50
Q

What was Thomas Aquinas’s masterwork?

A

Summa Theologica

51
Q

What was the Great Schism?

A

It occurred in 1054 CE. It was caused by disagreements around Papal authority and the Nicene clause.

52
Q

What did the Great Schism cause?

A

The eastern and western churches break away from each other. The western church became the Roman Catholic Church. The eastern church became the Eastern Orthodox Church.

53
Q

What was the protestant reformation?

A

It occurred in 1517-1650 CE. This movement started as a reform movement inside of Roman Catholicism.

54
Q

Who was Martin Luther?

A

Martin Luther (1485 – 1552 CE) nailed 95 theses to the door of the cathedral. These are complaints about both theological matters and matters of practice within the church.

55
Q

Who was John Calvin?

A

John Calvin (1544 – 1605) was also a famous reformer

56
Q

Martin Luther and John Calvin’s efforts led to…

A

A new branch of Christianity called Protestantism

57
Q

What is Evangelical Christianity?

A

This version of Protestant Christianity emphasizes the spreading of Christianity to other people and places through missionary work. Other Christian denominations do this too but not to the degree or focus of evangelicals.

Evangelicals also interpret the Biblical text quite literally. This is often referred to as fundamentalism.

World Religions Part I (7 decks)

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