Judaism

Question 1

Diasporaa

Answer 1

A diaspora is a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale.

Question 2

Esemed, sümbolid

Answer 2

menoraa, taaveti täht

Question 3

Esiisade Jumal

Answer 3

Aabrahami, Iisaki ja Jaakobi Jumal: In the Old and New Testaments, God is called the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, because with them God’s relationship of promise and purpose was fixed for all those who descended from them.

Question 4

Jumala nimesi judaismis

Answer 4

Jahve, Jehoova, Adonai, Hašem

Question 5

Patriarhid

Answer 5

inimkonna esiisad

Aabraham, Iisak, Jakob

Question 6

Aabraham ja leping jumalaga

Answer 6

(3-2000 ema; 6-5 saj ema)
Aabraham ja leping Jumalaga:
God promised to make Abraham the father of a great people and said that Abraham and his descendants must obey God. In return God would guide them and protect them and give them the land of Israel.
Aabraham - “Paljude isa”. Esimene naine Haagar, esimene poeg Ishmael.
Aabrahami teine naine Saara, teine poeg Iisak
Aabrahami lapselaps, Iisaku ja Rebecca poeg Jaakob, hiljem nimega Iisrael.
Lepingust tuleb ka poiste ümberlõikamine

Question 7

Mooses ja exodus

Answer 7

väljarännak Egiptuse vangipõlvest (juudid olid orjad) ca 1280 e.m.a
God sent Moses back to Egypt to demand the release of the Israelites from slavery. After the Ten Plagues, Moses led the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments. After 40 years of wandering in the desert, Moses died within sight of the Promised Land on Mount Nebo.
Mooses – kõige tähtsam prohvet judaismis
Osa Tooras sisalduvatest õpetustest anti Moosesele Siinai mäel.

Question 8

Toora

Answer 8

It can most specifically mean the first five books (Pentateuch or five books of Moses) of the Hebrew Bible. This is commonly known as the Written Torah. It can also mean the continued narrative from all the 24 books, from the Book of Genesis to the end of the Tanakh (Chronicles).
Tooras sisalduvad kümme käsku (dekaloog)

Question 9

Suuline Toora

Answer 9

represents those laws, statutes, and legal interpretations that were not recorded in the Five Books of Moses. According to Jewish tradition, the Oral Torah was passed down orally in an unbroken chain from generation to generation until its contents were finally committed to writing following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, when Jewish civilization was faced with an existential threat, by virtue of the dispersion of the Jewish people

Question 10

Kuningas Taavet

Answer 10

described in the Hebrew Bible as the third king of the United Monarchy of Israel and Judah, becoming king after Ish-bosheth. In the Books of Samuel, David is a young shepherd who gains fame first as a musician and later by killing the enemy champion Goliath

• Taavet ja Koljat: His precise throw hit Goliath in the head and knocked him out, allowing David to move in for the kill and win the war for the Israelites. David and Goliath is often referenced as a moral lesson of how underdogs can overcome the odds and be successful.
• Taaveti laulud

Question 11

Kuningas Saalomon

Answer 11

Taaveti poeg
Saalomoni õpetussõnad: And Solomon can choose anything - courage, strength, even money or fame. He chooses an understanding heart. Wisdom, so he can make good decisions for his people. And God is so pleased with Solomon’s choice that He gives him every other good gift, too

Question 12

Tanah on mis ja koosneb millest (3)

Answer 12

judaism pühakiri. Koosneb:
- Toora (seadus)
viis Moosese raamatut
müüdid maailma loomisest, esimestest inimestest, esiisadest 
- Neviim (prohvetid)
ajaloo raamatud
Hesekiel, Jesaja, Jeremija
- Ketuviim (kirjutised)
ülemlaul, Psalmid, Iiobi raamat jt

Question 13

Talmud

Answer 13

Talmud on kirjatundjate ehk rabide koostatud, toora juurde kuuluv pärimus.
Selle koostamine jõudis lõpule 450. aastatel (– Palestiina versioon, Babüloonia oma: 650). Talmudis on seletused ja juhised mitmesugusteks elulisteks olukordadeks, sealhulgas jumalateenistuse ja judaistlike pühade pidamiseks. See on “esivanemate pärimuse” kogumik.

Koosneb kahest osast:
Mišna (e. kordamine) – suuline toora kirjapandult rabide poolt
Gemara (e. lõpetamine) – Mišna kommentaarid
Halaha – ususeadus – Toora + Talmud

Question 14

brit mila

Answer 14

ümberlõikamise leping. 8. päeval sündimisest.
minjan – the quorum of ten Jewish adults required for certain religious obligations.
mohel – rituaali läbiviija

Question 15

Bar, bat mitsva

Answer 15

lepingupoeg 13. a; lepingutütar, 12. a

Question 16

Huppa

Answer 16

selle all seistakse abielludes

Question 17

Ketuba

Answer 17

abieluleping

Question 18

Kashrut

Answer 18

söömise juhised
košser – lubatud toit
treife – keelatud toit
toiduvalmistamisreeglid (piim ja liha, toidunõud)

Question 19

sabat

Answer 19

hingamispäev. Sabat on iganädalane juudi puhkepäev, tööst hoidumise ja hingetõmbamise päev. Sabat algab reede päikeseloojangul ja lõpeb laupäeva õhtul

Question 20

roš-hašana

Answer 20

judaismi uus aasta (18.09.2020 algas aasta 5781)

Question 21

jom-kippur

Answer 21

Yom Kippur (ka Jom Kippur) ehk lunastuspüha on judaismi tähtsaim püha, nõndanimetatud Sabatite Sabat.

Yom Kippuri puhul alustatakse paastu enne püha eelõhtu päikeseloojangut ning paastutakse järgmise päikeseloojanguni (kokku 25 tundi), hoidudes nii toidust kui ka joogist, kahetsetakse ja palutakse Jumalalt sünagoogis patte andeks. Töö tegemine ei ole lubatud. Samuti on keelatud pesemine, kosmeetika kasutamine, seksuaalsuhted ja nahkkingade kandmine. Kanda tuleb valget riietust.

Question 22

Pesah e paasapühad

Answer 22

a major Jewish holiday that occurs in the spring. One of the biblically ordained Three Pilgrimage Festivals, length seven to eight days.
In the Bible, Pesah marks the Exodus of the Children of Israel from Egyptian slavery, when God “passed over” the houses of the Israelites during the last of the ten plagues.

Question 23

Ususümbolid 5 tk

Answer 23

Jarmulke – väike müts peas
Payot – oimulokid 
Tefillin – palvekapslid otsmikul ja käel (nahast paelad)
Šma Israel – üks palve
Mezuza – ukseornament värssidega Toorast

Question 24

Kolme tüüpi juudid

Answer 24

– Aškenazi (rooma impeerium)
   • keel: jidiš
– Sefardi (hispaania)
   • keel: ladino
– Edot ha-mizrach e Mizrai juudid (lähis-ida)

Question 25

Paabeli vangipõlv

Answer 25

ehk Paabeli pagendus on ajajärk Iisraeli ajaloos, mis algas juutide küüditamisega Paabelisse 597. aastal e.m.a Nebukadnetsar II ajal ja lõppes, kui juutidel lubati 539. aastal e.m.a kodumaale naasta.

Question 26

Läänemüür, nutumüür

Answer 26

pühaim palvetamise koht templimäel, Jeruusalemmas

Question 27

Kuuepäevane sõda

Answer 27

•1967
In six days of fighting, Israel occupied the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, the Golan Heights of Syria, and the West Bank and Arab sector of East Jerusalem, both previously under Jordanian rule. By the time the United Nations cease-fire took effect on June 11, Israel had more than doubled its size.
Juudid said ligipääsu läänemüürile.

Question 28

Rabiinlik judaism

Answer 28

Rabbinic Judaism has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud.