Islam Flashcards
Muhammad
Muhammad was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets
(u 570-632)
Hadidža – oli prohvet Muhamedi esimene naine ja kõigi tema ellujäänud laste ema
610 – esimene ilmutus
Muhamedi peetakse prohvetite pitseriks, st viimaseks prohvetiks
Eeskuju igale moslemile (“Mida prohvet Muhamed oleks teinud?”)
Aasta 622
lahkumine Mekast Mediinasse, islami ajaarvamise algus ehk hidžra.
Koraan
Püha raamat, Jumala viimane ilmutus inimkonnale
114 suurat, peatükki
Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel (Jibril), incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning in the month of Ramadan
sunna
Prohveti tava ehk kuidas Muhamed elas ja mida peab järgima
hadith
Lood prohveti elust eeskujuna usklikule inimesele;
record of the traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, revered and received as a major source of religious law and moral guidance, second only to the authority of the Qurʾān, the holy book of Islam.
Umma
kogukond. supra-national community with a common history.
Kaliif
a name or title which means “successor”, “ruler” or “leader”. It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and orders. There were 4 khalifas after Prophet Mohammed died, beginning with Abu Bakr. This was a difficult decision for the people to make, for no one except Prophet Mohammed had ever thought with foresight about who would rule after he would die. The Khilaafat (or Caliphate) was then contested and gave rise to the eventual division of the Islamic Umma into two groups, the Sunni and the Shi’a who interpret the word, Khalifa in differently nuanced ways
Šariaat
Sharia, Islamic law, or redundantly Sharia law, is a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the hadith.
fiqh
usuõigus
Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is often described as the human understanding and practices of the sharia, that is human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the Sunnah
fatwa
ususeaduslik otsus
tawhid
Jumal on üks
Tawhid is the defining doctrine of Islam. It declares absolute monotheism—the unity and uniqueness of God as creator and sustainer of the universe.
usk inglitesse
usk prohvetitesse ja pühadesse raamatutesse
usk Kohtupäeva
Usk, et Jumal on seadnud inimese tee (ettemääratus)
Viis islami tugisammast
Usutunnistus – šahada Palvus – salat Annetus – zakat Paast – saum Palverännak – hadž
Ramadaan
Ramadan is a time of spiritual reflection, self-improvement, and heightened devotion and worship. Muslims are expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam. The fast (sawm) begins at dawn and ends at sunset
Ramadan 2021 will begin in the evening of
Monday April 12
and ends in the evening of
Tuesday May 11
Eid al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr, also called the “Festival of Breaking the Fast”, is a religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of the month-long dawn-to-sunset fasting of Ramadan. This religious Eid is the only day in the month of Shawwal during which Muslims are not permitted to fast.
Kaaba
is a building at the center of Islam’s most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the most sacred site in Islam
