Hiina ja Jaapan

Question 1

San Jiao – kolm õpetust

Answer 1

Konfutsianism
Taoism
Budism

Question 2

Seitse usundit Hiinas

Answer 2

Rahvausundid
Hiina Taoistlik assotsatsioon
Hiina Budistlik assotsatsioon
Hiina Islami assotsatsioon
Kolme-Ise patriootlik liikumine
Hiina Patriootlik Katoliku Assotsiatsioon (Vatikan, põrandaalune katoliiklus)
Põrandaalune religioon (protestantism, odukirikud, Falun Gong –Dharma Wheel Practice)

Question 3

Hiina Rahvavabariigi tunnustatud usud

Answer 3

taoism
budism
islam
katoliiklus
protestantism

Question 4

Hiina maailma alguse müüt

Answer 4

Pangu müüt

Pangu lõi maailma –eraldas yini yangist kirvega, luues maa (yin ehk naine, tume) ja taeva (yang ehk mees, hele)

Question 5

Kuidas sündis Pangu?

Answer 5

Pangu sündis hiigelmunast.

Pangu muna sees = taiji

Question 6

Ühtsus kahesuses

Answer 6

Taiji

Question 7

Taevas

Answer 7

tian

Question 8

Taevatahe, saatus, ettemääratus

Answer 8

tianming

Question 9

Taevapoeg / keiser

Answer 9

tianzi

Question 10

Konfutsianismi asutaja, eluaeg

Answer 10

Kongzi/Konfutsius 551-479 e.m.a

Question 11

Konfutsiuse põhiteos ja kolm põhitõde

Answer 11

teos Lunyu – Kongzi vested, vestlused
I Zhong – ustavus
II Ren – inimlikkus (junzi - õilis, inimlik inimene)
III Xiao –pojalikkus, esivanemate austamine

Question 12

Millal tekkis Konfutsiuse austamine?

Answer 12

2. sajandil e.m.a

Question 13

Mida tähendab konfutsianism Hiinale?

Answer 13

Hiina traditsioon, kultuurikorraldus, uskumused, keel, tavad

Question 14

Mis on Wujing?

Answer 14

Konfutsianismi Viisraamat – ajalugu, laulud, muutused, kevaded-sügised, kombed

During the Western Han dynasty, which adopted Confucianism as its official ideology, these texts became part of the state-sponsored curriculum.

Question 15

Mis on Li?

Answer 15

Rituaal konfutsianismis

Question 16

Viis püsivat konfutsianismis

Answer 16

inimlikkus
kombed
kohasus
teadmine
usaldus

Question 17

Milline on inimene Mengzi ja Xunzi kohaselt

Answer 17

Mengzi: hea; haridus = õilsus
Xunzi: halb; haridus = kurjuse ohjamine

Question 18

Neokonfutsianismi tekkeaeg

Answer 18

11. sajand

Question 19

Taoismi algusaeg

Answer 19

Han dünastia 2. saj e.m.a –221 AD

Question 20

Filosoofiline vs religioosne taoism

Answer 20

tao jia vs tao jiao

Question 21

Taevased meistrid

Answer 21

Daoismi liikumine, asutajaks Zhang Ling

• surematuse kultiveerimine
• vastuhakk Han dünastiale
• alkeemia

In 142 CE Zhang Daoling announced that Laozi had appeared to him and commanded him to rid the world of decadence and establish a new state consisting only of the ‘chosen people.’ Zhang became the first Celestial Master, and began to spread his newly founded movement throughout the province of Sichuan. The movement was initially called the “Way of the Five Pecks of Rice”, because each person wishing to join was required to donate five pecks of rice

Question 22

Kes oli Laozi?

Answer 22

Laozi – Hiina filosoof ja kirjanik
Daodejingi – Kulgemise väe raamatu –autor
Filosoofilise taoismi asutaja, religioosse taoismi pühakuju
Eluaeg 6. sajand e.m.a

Question 23

Kes oli Zhuangzi?

Answer 23

Teose Zhuangzi autorG
Filosoofilise taoismi põhimõtlejaid
4. saj e.m.a

Question 24

Wu wei

Answer 24

Konfutsianismis ja taoismis: toimimine toimimata (effortless action)

Question 25

jiao

Answer 25

suhtelisus, Zhuangzi sulest

Question 26

Hani rahvausund, põhijumalus

Answer 26

osad hiinlased = hanid
Kollane keiser Huangdi, jumalus ja Hiina esimene keiser 2600 e.m.a
Näljaste vaimude püha – esivanemate austamise püha

Question 27

Nefriitkeiser

Answer 27

in Chinese culture, traditional religions and myth is one of the representations of the first god

Question 28

Jaapani neli põhiusundit

Answer 28

Budism (8. sajandil Hiinast)
Shukyo - uusreligioonid
Shinto - algne omausund (kamid)
Konfutsianism

Question 29

Kaks Shinto olulist teost

Answer 29

• Kojiki, (712 AD) is an early Japanese chronicle of myths, legends, songs, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts down to 641 concerning the origin of the Japanese archipelago, the kami, and the Japanese imperial line
• Nihongi is the second-oldest book of classical Japanese history. (日本紀, “Japanese Chronicles”). It is more elaborate and detailed than the Kojiki, the oldest, and has proven to be an important tool for historians and archaeologists as it includes the most complete extant historical record of ancient Japan. The Nihon Shoki was finished in 720

Question 30

Jaapani loomise müüt

Answer 30

Izanagi and Izanami, (Japanese: “He Who Invites” and “She Who Invites”), the central deities (kami) in the Japanese creation myth. They were the eighth pair of brother-and-sister gods to appear after heaven and earth separated out of chaos. By standing on the floating bridge of heaven and stirring the primeval ocean with a heavenly jeweled spear, they created the first landmass.

Question 31

Jaapani päikesekami

Answer 31

Amaterasu

Question 32

Shinto pühatekst

Answer 32

Shinto Gobusho “Viis Shinto pühakirja”
13. sajand
Jaapan on püha maa, mille käekäik sõltub kamidest, kelle heaolu tagab riik

Question 33

Kaks püha kohta Shintos

Answer 33

Püha ruum

Püha mägi - Fiji

Question 34

Kaks pühaeset Shintos

Answer 34

omamori - amuletid, talismanid

kamidana - kamiriiul

Question 35

Tao

Answer 35

In the context of East Asian philosophy and East Asian religions, Tao is the natural order of the universe whose character one’s human intuition must discern in order to realize the potential for individual wisdom. This intuitive knowing of “life” cannot be grasped as a concept; it is known through actual living experience of one’s everyday being.
Sarnane brahmanile hinduismis