JUDAISM Flashcards
Israel
To wrestle with god
Isra- wrestle
El- god
Isaac
Abrahams son, offerd to sacrifice to prove faith to God
Brit
Covenent
Brit malah - circumcision performed 8 days after son is born
Exodus
Hebrews migrated to Egypt but enslaved, rescued from slavery by god thru moses, wandered desert for 40 yrs
Rescue celebrated at passover
Arrived at mt sinai where for 40 days and 40 nights, moses recieves the Torah from God
Ark of the Covenant
Where the torah was stored
Solomons temple
Political and religious center of Jewish life bc only legit place to worship, at this time worship was animal sacrifice
Temple destroyed by babylonians in 586 bce
Diaspora
Disperal of the Jews
Zion
Promised land
Halakhah
Jewish law
God
One god, monotheistic, first strcitly monotheistic religion
Creation shows gods divine power
HUMANS NOT BORN WITH ORIGINAL SINBUT HAVE GOOD AND BAD INCLINATIONS IN THEM, WITH THE FREE WILL TO CHOOSE WHICH TO FOLLOW
Mashiach
Messiah, will come to bring peace and the end of days, messiach will not be divine but a descendant of Kind David
Olam ha ba
New age of peace that will follow the messianic age
Views on afterlife
No clear consensus on a paradise or hell, most believe it wont be a separate realm, but a time in which justice will be served
THE TANAKH OR HEBREW BIBLE
Three parts:
Torah
Neviim
Ketuvim
TaNaKh (get it)
Torah
5 books of Moses
Transmitted by god to Moses on mt sinai
Covers creation story all the way throught the death pf moses
In scroll form, hand copied, cannot touch the paper
Neviim
Prophets
Covers settlement in Canaan to the destruction of the first temple
Focus is moral behavior
Ketuvim
Misc writings
Psalms (poems written by David)
5 scrolls
Other stuff including books of job
Oral torah aka rabbinic texts
Bc god explained torah to moses but not written down initially
Contains explanation of the written Torah
Contains:
Books of Midrash: advice on how to apply the bible to modern life
Talmud
-mishnah and gemara
Talmud
Teaching
Focuses on Halakah (jewish law) and Aggadah (ethics and morals)
Has two parts:
Mishna: legal opinions debates by rabbis, compiled in 2nd century ce
The gemara: rabbinic discussion of the gemara
Worship
Initailly animal sacrifice and individual prayer but after destruction of the 2nd temple, began to focus on prayer and studying holy texts
Public prayer 3x a day, on sabbath and holidays
Synagogues
Gathering places
Prayer
Recited in Hebrew
3x a day
Rabbi doesnt need to be present
5 books of the Torah are read throught the year
Amidah
Central prayer, praises God, includes requests and public declaration of the wishes of the people of israel
Shma
Statement of ultimate affirmation of jewish faith, recited before prayers
“Hear o Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One”
Kashrut
Food laws
Kosher
Permitted, only animls that chew cud and have clocen hooves, must be slaughtered by adukt jew, meat and dairy separated
Shabbat (sabbath)
Commemorates creation story, only sacred day in 10 commandments, day of rest from sunset friday to sunset saturday
Rosh hashanah
Day of judgement, not actual judgement day
Starts new year
Wake up call to think and live morally
Yom kippur
Day of repentance/atonement 10 days after rosh hashanah Adults fast Solemn introspection and prayer Turn back to god
Sukkot
Feast of tabernacles
Commemorates time in desert wo homes
5 days after yom kippur
Passover
Remembers angel of death passed over israelite infants
Shavu’ot
Commemorates revelation at mt sinai and giving of the torah
Beth din
Rabbinical court
Reform movement
More ethics less ritual
Conforms to modernism
More womens rights
Conservative
Sought to preserve historic judaism
Allowes minor modifications for modernity
Compromise bt reform and orthodox
Orthodox
Traditionsalists
Adhere to written and oral torah
See jewish law as completely binding
