Buddhism Flashcards
Siddhartha Gautama
The historical buddha
Hindu of Kshatriya Caste
Born 566 ce
buddha
Awakened
The Buddha
Not a god, founder of buddhism, revered as a human example not worshipped
Four sights
Suffering, old age, death, a monk
Middle path
Avoiding dualistic extremes of self denial and self indulgence, embrace moderation and meditation
Buddhas enlightenment
Sat diwn under Bodhi Tree and vowed not to get up until reached enlightenment
Meditated for 49 days
Became buddha when woke up to the cause of suffering
In awakening extinguished all desire and ignorance through insight
Prajna
Insight
Deer Park
Varanasi, India, sight of first teachings, first turnings of the wheel of dharma, taught five arhats who returned to him and helpedspreat the four noble truths and eightfold path
Parinirvana
when the body of the awakened person finally dies ending the last life
Four noble truths
1 Dukkha (suffering) is everywhere
2 dukkha is caused by the three poisons (attatchment, aversion, ignorance)
3 dukkha can be stopped
4 the eightfold path is the way to end dukkha and will cure the human condition
Three marks of existence
Anicca (change)
Dukkha (suffering)
Anatman (no soul)
Ignorance comes from failure to recognize these
Eightfold path
Ethics (sila) aspect
Meditation aspect
Wisdom (prajna) aspect
Ethics sila aspect
Right speech
Right action
Right livelihood
Meditation aspects pf the path
Right effort
Right awareness
Right concentration
Wisdom prajna aspect
Right understanding
Right thought
Samsara
Unenlightened person is trapped in continual cycle pf borth old age illness death and rebirth
Freedom comes when one can realize truth abd extinguish maya (illusion)
Nirvana
After enlightenment person becomes a buddha and can enter nirvana
Ends cycle lf rebirth and suffering and provides eternal peace
“To extinguish”
Coolimg the fevers created by karma
Anatman
Emptiness of self, no soul
Permanent self is an illusion bc all things interdependent
Five aggregates
The illusion of self
- form
- sensation
- perception
- mental formation
- consciousness
Emptiness
Attatchment to self or ego grasping prevents enlightenment
Karma
The law of cause and effect, consequences of actions
Sets up next life but doesnt determine how it will unfold
Only karma is reborn into next life, not a self
Karma goes away after awareness of the emptiness of self is reached
No sin, all evil comes from ignorance and falseness
Anicca
Nothing is permanent
Punya
Merit
Pap
Demerit
To avoid, follow 5 precepts
Triloka
Three realms of existence in samsara
Loka = planes of existence
Five precepts
Principles of conduct for buddhists 1 avoid causing harm (ahimsa=non violence) 2 avoid taking what isnt freely given 3 avoid sexual misconduct 4avoid untruthfulness 5 pavoid clouding mind with drugs HSSUD acronym for five precepts Monks and nuns follow these and addional precepts
Bikkhus
Monks
Bikkhunis
Nuns
Karuna
Compassion for all
Chain of dependent origination
12 links that cause human suffering, of one is broken, all are extinguished
The true nature of things
Inherently empty, no fixed identity, depend on temporary conditions, by extinguishing temp conditions, Buddha demonstrated ulitmate emptiness of suffering
Vehicles of buddhism
Theravada 38%
Mahayana 62%
-vajrayana
Tipitaka (Pali Canon)
Core of buddhist scriptures written in Pali Transmitted orally at first Made kf three baskets Vinaya PITAKA Sutta pitaka Abhidhamma pitaka
Vinaya pitaka
Discipline basket
Rules for monks and nuns
Sutta pitaka
Discourse basket
Teachings for monks and lay buddhists
Sutta means scriptural text
Abhidhamma pitaka
Special teaching basket
Advanced teachings for monks
Mahayana Buddhism
“The great vehicle” seeks to help all work to acheive enlightenments vs individual enlightenment like theravadin
With the help of bodhisattvas
The three refuges
I take refuge in the buddha
I take refuge in the dharma
I take refuge in the sangha
Dharma
Teachings of Buddha and universe itself
Puja
Daily devotion
Mantras
Spoken chants of a word or phrase repeated over and over
SANGHA
Community of practitioners in buddhism
Monks supported by the community p, gives laypeople an opportunity to demonstrate generosity which esrns good karma
Monks provide the dharma, offer teachings, perform rituals, and set an example, monasteries spread literacy
Lumbini
Nepal, place of Buddhas birth
Bodh gaya
India, place of enlightenment
Sarnath
India, location of first teaching
Kusinara
India, place of death
