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World Religions EA Study > ISLAM > Flashcards

ISLAM Flashcards

1
Q

Ishmael

A

First born son of Abraham, founder of Islam
Mother was Hagar, slave of Sarah
Fled with Hagar to Arabia
Makkah founded where spring appeared to Hagar
Ishmael was offered as a sacrifice by Abraham to prove faith to God, not Isaac (Sarah’s son)

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2
Q

muslim vs. Muslim

A

muslim means those who submit to god vs Muslim which means followers of Islam

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3
Q

Muhammad

A

570-632 CE, prophet of Islam, illiterate, but remembered words given from gods intermediary, Angel Gabriel
Revelations
Messenger of God

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4
Q

Night of Power

A

610 CE
Muhammads first revelation
Cave outside of Mekkah

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5
Q

Risalah

A

Message of God as revealed to Prophet Muhammed
Muhammed recieved revelations for 22 years
Remembered words and taught them to followers who later compiled them to form the Qur’an
Recitation supposed to be somber to reflect God’s dissappointment at humans

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6
Q

Jahiliyya

A

Time of ignorance before Islam

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7
Q

Why did God begin to give these messages to Muhammad?

A

Response to 7th century Arabia, always at war, gap between rich and poor, no care for women or children, polytheism

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8
Q

GODS MESSAGE TO MUHAMMAD

A

Humans need to care for earth
Called for social justice for poor women and children
Condemned Polytheism (shirk)
Condemned materialism and greed
Summoned people to jihad, to live based on religious belief not tribal loyalty
Expanded womens rights
Claimed ka’bah was built by Abraham ans Ishmael as a tribute but had been taken over by tribes (ka’bah was Adams original place of worship)

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9
Q

Shirk

A

Polytheism (sin)

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10
Q

Umma

A

Global community under God

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11
Q

“Mission statement” of Qur’an

A

Mission of Islam is to reform society and combat oppression and corruption to establish a just moral order in the world as an embodiment of Gods commandments

Key terms:
Reform society 
Combat oppression and corruption
Establish just moral order
Follow gods commandments
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12
Q

Early Makkhans

A

Made profits from polytheistic pilgrimages
Persecuted Muslims to get them to denounce their faith
After 10 yrs of this, Muslims fled to Medina

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13
Q

Significance of 622 CE

A

Arrival of Muhammad to Medinah, beggining of the Islamic calendar

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14
Q

NIGHT JOURNEY

A

Muhammad flown on mystical steed to Jerusalem to meet with god at temple mount
Guidance to fix prayer times
THIS IS WHAT MADE JERUSALEM HOLY TO MUSLIMS
DOME OF THE ROCK BUILT OVER WHERE ABRAHAMS SACRIFICE AND MUHAMMADS NIGHT JOURNEY WERE

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15
Q

Caliph

A

Leader of worship and administrator of shariah for the Ummah
Not divine and can be dismissed
Biggest division in Islam= issue of succession, sunni followed popularly chosen leader, Abu Bakr BUT shia followed descendents of Muhammed, beginning with Ali

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16
Q

Sunni

A

Follwed Abu Bakr as Caliph

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17
Q

Shia

A

MINORITY, believed caliph should be inherited, wanted muhammads cousin ali to take over
Ali passed over 3x and when chosen was assassinated
Husayn (Ali’s son) rose up but was slaughtered at Karbala

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18
Q

Jizya

A

Tax paid by protected minority (non-muslims)

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19
Q

Why did so many Africans convert to Islam

A

Saw it as a way to reject european imposed christianity and embrace racial equality

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20
Q

Gods prohpets

A

God communicates through prophets amd scriptures hegives them including
-Abrahams scrolls
-Moses torah
-Davids psalms
-Jesus original gospel
Divine knowledge revealed in native language of each prophet in Islam
Believe Jesus was prophet and messiah foretold by Jewish scripture, but not son of God
Muslims believe Muhammed is last prophet
Muhammed didnt have new message but just reminded ppl of same message god transmitted thru previous prophets, Quran calls for respect of all prophets and revealed scriptures
NONE OF THE PROPHETS ARE SEEN AS DIVINE BC THERE IS ONLY ONE GOD

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21
Q

The Qur’an

A

“The recitation”
Literal and eternal word of god transmitted through muhammad
Guide for mankind to let gods will be known
Final reminder
Original teachings lost and or corrupted over time
The original monotheism
Has 114 suras (chapters) written poetically, organized longest to shortest
Shpuld always be studied in Arabic
Recitation has healing, soothing effect, should only be recited in purified state, somber when reading
Begin to memorize as children so it can shape their lives

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22
Q

Sura

A

Chapters of the Qur’an

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23
Q

Hafiz

A

Those who memorize the Qur’an

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24
Q

Qari

A

Someone who recites Qur’an formally and methodically

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25
Q

Alim

A

Someone who has studied scriptures extensively

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26
Q

The SUNNAH

A

Sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad
Second source of Islam
His life is perfect model of how to practice
Following actions allows muslims to fulfill obligations to god and enter Paradise
Sayings and deeds recorded in the HADITH
Based on memories of Muhammads close companions
6 authentic collections of the Hadith

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27
Q

GOD

A

God is all knowing and responsible for creation. ONENESS OF ALLAH
Only one absolute reality, essence of life is unity
Unity permeates thoughts and actions
God has no physical form
The source of all life
99 names of god attributes of one being
Science arts and politics should be approached from a religious context
Actions and thoughts should spring from the divine
NO CHOSEN PEOPLE all part of a global family

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28
Q

IBADAH

A

Devotion to god, obedience, submission, the reson for human existence

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29
Q

Perspective of Genesis

A

Creation sign of compassion
God made Adam and Hawwa (Eve) from same soul, cut in two
Gave in to Satan (iblis) temptation BUT REPENTED AND WERE FORGIVEN
God allowed them to multiply so they could demonstrate their potential to resist future temptation
Do not see Hawwa as responsibke for adams downfall
NO ORIGINAL SIN
Everyone is individually accountable and will be judged by own deeds (guilt is pointless, instead to jihad)
Dont believe jesus’ sacrifice redeems humans

30
Q

TWO MAJOR SINS

A

Shirk- polytheism or attributing divinity to anything but God
Kufr- lack of belief in God - spectrum from atheism to forgetfulness

31
Q

Human beings

A

Completely unlike God and have been endowed with free will and have special status since God breathed life into him

32
Q

Angels

A

Nonphysical beings of light who serve God and can only do good because they do not have free will, each with a specific responsibility and god has two personal angels for everyone to keep track of good and bad deeds for day of judgement

33
Q

Jinn (genies)

A

Immaterial beings of fire who are invisible to humans but have free will and can choose to act according to god or not good jinn are muslims, bad are unbelievers

34
Q

Devils

A

Creatures led by Iblis (satan) who was a jinn
He refused to bow down to Adam as god asked and was cursed to live by temoting adams descendents to follow him
Muslims believe satan has no external power over people, only what they allow him to do when faced with temptation
Humans who follow satan go to hell

35
Q

YAWM AL DIN

A

Day of Judgement, at death the body returns to the earth and sleeps until ressurection day when the angel will sound the trumpet the Earth will split and bodies will rejoin souls. The world will be destroyed and human race will be ressurected for Allahs judgement based on a book that records deeds
Faithful rewarded with permanent bliss in paradise and evil suffer in hell
None punished wo being warned by a messenger of god
We will awaken to our true nature and our true tendencies revealed in the afterlife
Purified souls live in different levels of closeness to God
Believers will eventually be lifted to paradise
Humans cannot spiritually judge each otherf

36
Q

Jannah

A

Paradise

37
Q

Jahannam

A

Hell

38
Q

Akhirah

A

Life after death

39
Q

Conversion

A

Forced conversion forbidden but Quran requires faithful to tell others of Islam so they can make an informed choice

40
Q

Wali

A

Saints, “friends of God”

Model believers to live by

41
Q

Prayer

A

There is a friday congregational prayer but to day of rest in islam

42
Q

Religious obligations

A

Whole life should be means of worship

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

43
Q

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

A 
Shahadah
Salah
Sawm
Zakah
Hajj
44
Q

SHAHADAH

A

Like hakuna matata (statement of faith to no worries)
The statement of faith
“I bear witness that there is no diety except Allah and Muhammad is his servant and messenger”
Inducts into religion, must be releated in the presence of 2 muslims
Repeated in call to prater and prayer
Birth and death
Reaffirms monotheism and faith in god

45
Q

Iman

A

Faith in God

46
Q

SALAH

A 
Ritual prayer
Must first do ablutions, remove shoes
Face Ka'bah in mecca 
Paying in clean open space keeps God in mind, reduces likelihood of sinning 
Pesonal prayers
Prayer must be sincere
47
Q

Du’a

A

Personal prayer

48
Q

Niyya

A

Intention during prayer

49
Q

Jum’a

A

Communal prayer

50
Q

SURAH AL FATIHAH

A

Opening surah of Quran, recited in all five daily prayers

51
Q

ZAKAT

A

TAKAZ backwards like take, people taking your money
Means purity, giving back to communtiy
SUNNIS pay 2.5% usually diring Ramadan
SHIA pay 10% plus 1/5 of wealth to clerics
Reminds them wealth is a gift from god, purifies own wealth
Not charity bc not voluntary

52
Q

SAWM

A

Like sawmwhere over the rainbow, there is food
Fasting during Ramadan, refrain from food, drink, sex, smoking from dawn to dusk
Purpose is to reflect on human frailty and dependence on God for survival. Teaches patience, endurance, self restraint, obedience and gratefulness
Also generates extra food for those in need
Builds empathy for poor
Cleansing becuase it birns impurities

53
Q

Suhoor

A

Morning meal during ramadan

54
Q

Iftar

A

Break-fast, after sun goes down during ramadan

55
Q

Eid al Fitr

A

Ends Ramadan, huge feast

56
Q

HAJJ

A

Travel to Makkah
Sins forgiven if go
Walk around ka’bah 7 times
Eid al Adha

57
Q

Eid al Adha

A

Feast of Sacrifice, commemorates ram that died in place of Ishmael during the HAJJ

58
Q

The Ka’bah

A

Abraham and Ishmael built it around a meteor which fell from heaven during time of adam and hawwa

59
Q

Sharia

A 
Divine law 
The path to water
Covers all aspects of Muslim life
Emphasis on right action not belief
Some use as basis for judicial system, some use combination
60
Q

Ibadat

A

Duties to God

61
Q

Muamalat

A

Duties to others

62
Q

Fard

A

Religious obligations

63
Q

Haram

A 
Forbidden
Alcohol 
Blood
Swine
Predatory Animals
Carcasses
Suicide
Homosexuality but cant treat gays unfairly
Incestmants in haram businesses
64
Q

Halal

A

Permitted

65
Q

Makruh

A

Unacceptable but not a sin

66
Q

Mandub

A

Recommended and rewarding but not required

67
Q

Jihad

A

Religious struggle
Greater- personal struggle against lower self, resist temptation, greed, evil, sin
Lesser- defensive warfare to protect muslim community, response must be proportional, seek peace

68
Q

Shi’a

A

Do not recognize sunni caliphs follow 7 or 12 imams starting w Ali and sons Hasan and Husayn
There is a 12th hidden imam that will return in the final days to restore justice
Only 15% of muslim population
Imams have supreme religious authority

69
Q

Sufism

A

Mystical
Goal to become so purified that one can be a perfect mirror for divine attributes
There is nothing except God and nothing else lasts
Dhikr is repetition of Gods name

70
Q

Wahhabism

A

Rejects all forms of change in islam

71
Q

Hadd

A

Crimes with big punishment

World Religions EA Study (5 decks)

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