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Wikipedia and Stuffs > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

From which ancient religion did Judaism evolve?

A

Judaism evolved from Yahwism, an ancient Semitic religion

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2
Q

What is Judaism closely related to?

A

Judaism is closely related to Samaritanism.

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3
Q

What covenant do religious Jews observe through Judaism?

A

Religious Jews observe the Mosaic covenant through Judaism, which was established between God and the Israelites.

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4
Q

What does the Hebrew word “Torah” mean?

A

The Hebrew-language word “torah” can mean “teaching,” “law,” or “instruction.” It can also refer to any Jewish text that expands or elaborates on the original Five Books of Moses.

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5
Q

What are the two other ways of calling the Old Testament?

A

The Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible

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6
Q

What is the Oral Torah?

A

The Midrash and Talmud, and other rabbinic teachings and interpretations that complement and explain the written Torah

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7
Q

From what did most religious movements within Judaism emerge?

A

Rabbinic Judaism

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8
Q

What does Rabbinic Judaism teach?

A

That God gave Moses both the Written Torah and the Oral Torah with his laws and rules on Mount Sinai

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9
Q

Which groups of Jews have challenged the idea that God gave Moses the Torah on Mount Sinai?

A
  1. The Sadducees
  2. Hellenistic Jews during the Second Temple period
    and later
  3. The Karaites
  4. Some modern non-Orthodox Jews
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10
Q

What are the major Jewish movements today?

A
  1. Orthodox Judaism
  2. Conservative Judaism
  3. Reform Judaism
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11
Q

What does Orthodox Judaism believe?

A

The Torah and Jewish law are divine and should be strictly followed

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12
Q

How does Conservative Judaism compare to Orthodox Judaism?

A

It is more traditional but it allows for some changes

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13
Q

How does Reform Judaism view Jewish law?

A

As flexible guidelines rather than strict rules

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14
Q

What is Jewish law called?

A

Halakha

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15
Q

Who enforces halakha?

A

Historically, beth din (special courts). Beth din still exist today but Judaism is mostly voluntary

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16
Q

Where does authority in Judaism come from?

A

Sacred texts and the rabbis who interpret them, rather than any one person or organization

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17
Q

How many Jews were there worldwide in 2021?

A

About 15.2 million

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18
Q

How many Jews lived in Israel vs the United States and Canada in 2021?

A

About 45% lived in Israel, about 42% in USA and Canada. The rest were mostly in Europe, with some in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Australia

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19
Q

What does the Hebrew Bible tell us?

A

The story of the Israelites’ relationship with God from their early history until the building of the Second Temple around 535 BC

20
Q

What is Abraham considered in Judaism?

A

The first Hebrew and the father of the Jewish people

21
Q

What happened as a result of Abraham’s faith in one God?

A

He was promised that his son Isaac would inherit the Land of Israel (then called Canaan)

22
Q

What happened with the descendants of Abraham’s grandson and Isaac’s son, Jacob?

A

They were enslaved in Egypt. God told Moses to lead them out of Egypt, and they received the Torah (the five books of Moses) at Mount Sinai

23
Q

What are the Hebrew Bible books known as the Prophets known as in Hebrew?

A

Nevi’im

24
Q

What are the Hebrew Bible books known as the Writings known as in Hebrew?

A

Ketuvim

25
Q

What do Jews call the five books of Moses together with the Nevi’im and Ketuvim?

A

Torah Shebikhtav

26
Q

What happened when the Israelites eventually reached the land of Israel?

A

The tabernacle was set up in Shiloh for over 300 years to defend against enemies

27
Q

When the nation of Israel’s spiritual state declined, what happened to the tabernacle that was set up?

A

The Philistines captured it

28
Q

What did the Israelites do when the Philistines captured the tabernacle?

A

They asked the prophet Samuel to appoint a permanent king. Samuel first anointed Saul as king, but when Saul disobeyed God’s command, Samuel chose David to replace

29
Q

What is Shabbat also known as by Ashkenazim?

A

Shabbos

30
Q

How does the Jewish religious calendar count days?

A

From sunset to sunset

31
Q

What do you call Jewish new year?

A

Rosh Hashanah

32
Q

What is Hanukkah?

A

Hanukkah is a Jewish festival that celebrates the time when the Jews reclaimed Jerusalem and renewed the Second Temple after the Maccabean (Jewish) Revolt against the Seleucid (Greek) Empire in the 2nd century BCE

33
Q

Which Jewish prayer is traditionally recited in times of trouble or distress?

A

The Shema

34
Q

What is the term for the ritual washing of hands before meals or prayers in Judaism?

A

Netilat Yadayim

35
Q

What is the name of the Jewish ritual of remembrance for the dead that takes place on the anniversary of their death?

A

Yahrzeit

36
Q

What does Purim celebrate?

A

the victory of the Jews over Haman, as told in the Book of Esther

37
Q

What is the name of the weekly Torah portion read in the synagogue?

A

Parashah

38
Q

What is the name of the Jewish bread traditionally eaten during Shabbat and holidays?

A

Challah

39
Q

What is the difference between Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews?

A

Ashkenazi Jews are descended from Jewish communities in Central and Eastern Europe, while Sephardi Jews are descended from Jewish communities in Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East

40
Q

What is the significance of the Kabbalah in Jewish mysticism?

A

Kabbalah is a form of Jewish mysticism that seeks to understand the nature of God, the universe, and the soul. It includes the study of texts like the Zohar and involves practices aimed at spiritual enlightenment

41
Q

What is the significance of the Kabbalah in Jewish mysticism?

A

Kabbalah is a form of Jewish mysticism that seeks to understand the nature of God, the universe, and the soul. It includes the study of texts like the Zohar and involves practices aimed at spiritual enlightenment

42
Q

What are the Jewish dietary laws called, and what do they entail?

A

Kashrut - they include rules about which foods are permissible (kosher), how animals should be slaughtered, the prohibition of mixing meat and dairy, and other regulations

43
Q

What are the Jewish dietary laws called, and what do they entail?

A

Kashrut - they include rules about which foods are permissible (kosher), how animals should be slaughtered, the prohibition of mixing meat and dairy, and other regulations

44
Q

What is a mezuzah, and where is it placed?

A

A small parchment scroll inscribed with specific Torah verses, placed in a decorative case and affixed to the doorposts of Jewish homes

45
Q

What is the Talmud, and what are its two components?

A

A central text of Rabbinic Judaism, consisting of the Mishnah (the written compilation of oral laws) and the Gemara (commentary and discussion on the Mishnah)

46
Q

What is the purpose of the ritual of brit milah?

A

Brit milah, or circumcision, is a covenant ritual performed on Jewish male infants on the eighth day after birth, symbolizing their inclusion in the covenant between God and the Jewish people

47
Q

Who was Maimonides, and what is his most famous work?

A

Maimonides, also known as Rambam, was a medieval Jewish philosopher and Torah scholar. His most famous work is the “Mishneh Torah”, a comprehensive code of Jewish law

Wikipedia and Stuffs (33 decks)

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