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World History > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Judaism founded?

A

1300 BCE

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2
Q

In what region was Judaism founded?

A

The Eastern Mediterranean (Mesopotamia)

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3
Q

What is the Tanakh?

A

The Hebrew Bible

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4
Q

What do English speaking people also call the Tanakh?

A

The Old Testament

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5
Q

What are the 3 sections of the Tanakh?

A

Torah, Nevi’im, and Ketuvin

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6
Q

What are the Five Books of Moses?

A

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

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7
Q

Which section of the Tanakh is most important to Jews?

A

The Torah

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8
Q

How many sons did Jacob/Israel have?

A

12

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9
Q

Canaan is what present day location?

A

Israel

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10
Q

Where was the Torah given to the people?

A

Mount Sinai

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11
Q

How many Mitzvahs does the Torah have?

A

613

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12
Q

What is a Mitzvah?

A

A commandment

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13
Q

Who originally built the Holy Temple in Jerusalem?

A

Solomon

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14
Q

The Holy Temple cut Jerusalem in half to form what two Kingdoms?

A

The Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah

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15
Q

When did the Assyrians conquer Israel?

A

722 BCE

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16
Q

What happened to the Jewish population after Israel was conquered?

A

Judah was the sole Jewish Kingdom

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17
Q

When did the Babylonians conquer Judah?

A

586 BCE

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18
Q

What happened when Judah was conquered?

A

The Holy Temple is destroyed and all Jews become enslaved

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19
Q

When were the Jews freed from slavery?

A

539 BCE

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20
Q

Who freed the Jewish population?

A

Cyrus

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21
Q

Who rebuilt the Holy Temple after it was destroyed by the Babylonians?

A

Cyrus

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22
Q

What was the covenant from God to the Jewish people?

A

That circumcision would be done to every male, and has been done to Jewish men for the last 1000 years

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23
Q

Who destroyed the Holy Temple again in 70 BCE?

A

The Romans

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24
Q

What happened after the Romans destroyed the Holy Temple?

A

The Jewish people were in an exile

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25
Q

Where did the Jews travel when they were in exile?

A

Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East

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26
Q

How long did the exile last?

A

About 2000 years - until 1947

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27
Q

Why did the Jewish exile end?

A

Palestine was converted into the State of Israel

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28
Q

What is monotheism?

A

Belief in one God

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29
Q

What are the common names of God in the Tanakh?

A

“Elohim” and “Yahweh”

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30
Q

What is the Tetragrammation?

A

YHWH

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31
Q

What do Orthodox Jews say instead of Yahweh?

A

HaShem or Adonai

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32
Q

What does HaShem translate to?

A

The Name

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33
Q

What does Adonai translate to?

A

My Lord

34
Q

What will Orthodox Jews write instead of God?

A

G - D

35
Q

What is Sheol?

A

The underworld

36
Q

What do souls do after death?

A

Live on

37
Q

What do Jews accept about the afterlife?

A

They don’t know what it is like, but that it will be related to their earthly life somehow

38
Q

Why do Jews follow the commandments as closely as possible?

A

So that no matter what the afterlife is like, they will have created good things on Earth

39
Q

What is Tzedakah?

A

Justice / Charity

40
Q

How much of their income does the Jewish population donate?

A

10%

41
Q

What is Masheach?

A

Messiah

42
Q

What do the Jews think the Messiah will do when he comes?

A

Bring the Messianic Era, rebuild the Holy Temple, bring all Jews to the Promised Land (perfection!)

43
Q

Where will the Messiah rebuild the Holy Temple?

A

Jerusalem

44
Q

What do the Jews believe in terms of the Messiah’s coming so far?

A

The Messiah has not yet come because of all the current suffering

45
Q

What is the Talmud?

A

A massive collection of books which have commentary on the Torah and how it should be interpreted

46
Q

How big is the Talmud?

A

It has 38 volumes and over 10 million words

47
Q

What topics of debate are included in the Talmud?

A

Legal interpretations, history, ethics, philosophy, and legends

48
Q

Which of the following is Judaism not?
A people, culture, civilization, or race?

A

A race

49
Q

Traditionally, which parental figure do children inherit (so to speak) Judaism from?

A

Their mother

50
Q

What are the 2 major Jewish groups?

A

Ashkenazi and Sephardi

51
Q

Where did Ashkenazi Judaism develop?

A

Central / East Europe

52
Q

What language do the Ashkenazi speak?

A

Yiddish

53
Q

What languages is Yiddish a combination of?

A

Hebrew and European languages

54
Q

Sephardi Judaism was founded by descendants of which Jewish population?

A

Spain

55
Q

What language do Sephardi Jews speak?

A

Ladino (which is going extinct)

56
Q

What languages is Ladino a combination of?

A

Hebrew and Old Spanish

57
Q

What are other groups of Jews?

A

The Jews of Iran, Iraq, Yemen, Ethiopia, China, Georgia and more

58
Q

What was the Jewish population in Europe and the Americas prior to World War 2?

A

9 million in Europe, 6 million in the Americas

59
Q

What was the Jewish population in Asia and Africa prior to World War 2?

A

800k in Asia, 500k in Africa

60
Q

What is the Jewish term for the Holocaust?

A

Shoah

61
Q

How many Jews were killed in the Holocaust?

A

6 million

62
Q

What do Orthodox Jews believe regarding the Torah?

A

It is the direct word of God, so it and the commandments must be closely followed

63
Q

What is another name for Orthodox Jews?

A

Hasidic Jews

64
Q

What is the Jewish term for the Sabbath?

A

Shabbat

65
Q

What day is the Jewish Sabbath?

A

Saturday

66
Q

What are other types of Jews, apart from Orthodox?

A

Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist

67
Q

What natural / plant foods are Kosher?

A

Vegetables, fruits, grains, and nuts

68
Q

What makes an animal Kosher?

A

They must chew their cud and have hoofs

69
Q

What animals are Kosher?

A

Cattle and sheep

70
Q

What animals are not Kosher?

A

Pigs, dogs, rabbits, and technically humans

71
Q

What is the term for how a Kosher animal must be killed?

A

Shechita

72
Q

What makes birds / fish Non - Kosher?

A

Shellfish and fish without fins or scales, and birds of prey

73
Q

What is Payot?

A

Long, curly hairs on the side of the head that Jewish men do not cut

74
Q

What is the religious hat worn by men during prayer called?

A

Yarmulke

75
Q

Where was Judaism founded?

A

Mesopotamia

76
Q

Where does Judaism rank in terms of popularity?

A

5th most popular (least of our 5)

77
Q

How many followers does Judaism have?

A

15 million (.2% of population)

78
Q

What is the Jewish Holy City?

A

Jerusalem

79
Q

What is the Jewish place of worship?

A

Synagogues / Temples

80
Q

What is the spiritual leader in Judaism called?

A

Rabbi

81
Q

What is the symbol of Judaism?

A

Star of David

82
Q

In what area of the world is Judaism most prevalent?

A

North America and the Middle East

World History (5 decks)

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